perm filename KLDIF[KL,SYS] blob
sn#329263 filedate 1978-01-17 generic text, type C, neo UTF8
COMMENT ⊗ VALID 00023 PAGES
C REC PAGE DESCRIPTION
C00001 00001
C00003 00002 Information about the KL10, KA10, and 166.
C00007 00003 CONO APR, 166 KA KL
C00010 00004 166 KA KL
C00013 00005 KL10 new instructions:
C00025 00006 DTE20 KL10 I/O Functions
C00028 00007 Clocks and meters
C00034 00008 Performance Analysis
C00038 00009 KL10 to PDP-11 command word formats.
C00046 00010 KL10 UPT/EPT Special Locations
C00049 00011 Monitor Programming
C00052 00012 KL10 Folklore (from MIT)
C00056 00013 User programming differences between the KL10 and the KA10. Including
C00069 00014 Reloading the KL10
C00074 00015 CONO PI,bit 22 clears only the requests initiated with CONO PI,bit 24.
C00077 00016 EBOX/MBOX interface
C00087 00017 DTE20 KL10 I/O Functions
C00090 00018 DTE20 PDP11 Registers
C00104 00019 DTE20 Operations
C00129 00020 EBUS PI CYCLE
C00138 00021 DTE Miscellaneous
C00151 00022 PCU
C00158 00023 PAGING
C00165 ENDMK
C⊗;
Information about the KL10, KA10, and 166.
This document is intended as quick reference summary for programming
the various processors. An attempt has been made to make the
information reported here accurate and complete. The primary sources
of information from this was made are the KL10 prints and the source
files for KLDCP. The status of existing modifications to the KA10
and 166 are reported to the extent that those modifications can be
determined.
166 KA KL
CONO PI,
18 unused Clr Power Fail Write even address parity
19 unused Clr Parity Error Write even data parity
20 Clr Parity Error Dis Parity Error Int Write even directory parity
21 Dis Parity Error Int Enb Parity Error Int unused
22 Enb Parity Error Int Set CPA MEM PROT Drop prog requests on sel chan
23 Clear PI system
24 Request int on sel chn [Interrupts requested by
25 Turn on sel chn this function (Bit 24) can
26 Turn off sel chn be dropped only by use of
27 Turn off PI system bit 22.]
28 Turn on PI system
29 Select channel 1
30 Select channel 2
31 Select channel 3
32 Select channel 4
33 Select channel 5
34 Select channel 6
35 Select channel 7
CONI PI,
0 unused unused unused
...
10 unused unused unused
11 unused unused Prog request on channel 1
12 unused unused Prog request on channel 2
13 unused unused Prog request on channel 3
14 unused unused Prog request on channel 4
15 unused unused Prog request on channel 5
16 unused unused Prog request on channel 6
17 unused unused Prog request on channel 7
18 unused Power fail Write even address parity
19 unused Parity error Write even data parity
20 Parity error Parity Int Enb Write even directory parity
21 In progress on chn 1
22 In progress on chn 2
23 In progress on chn 3
24 In progress on chn 4
25 In progress on chn 5
26 In progress on chn 6
27 In progress on chn 7
28 PI system on
29 Channel active 1
30 Channel active 2
31 Channel active 3
32 Channel active 4
33 Channel active 5
34 Channel active 6
35 Channel active 7
CONO APR, 166 KA KL
18 Clr PDLOV unused unused
19 Clr IOT user IOB reset IOB reset
20 Clr CONS flg unused Enb flgs selected by b24:31
21 unused Clr Addr Brk flg Dis flgs selected by b24:31
22 Clr MPV Clr MPV Clr flgs selected by b24:31
23 Clr NXM Clr NXM Set flgs selected by b24:31
24 Dis CLK Int Dis CLK Int SBUS error
25 Enb CLK Int Enb CLK Int NXM error
26 Clr CLK flg Clr CLK flg In-Out Page Fail
27 Dis PC chg Int Dis FOV Int MB parity error
28 Enb PC chg Int Enb FOV Int Cache directory error
29 Clr PC chg flg Clr FOV flg Cache address parity error
30 Dis AROV Int Dis AROV Int Power fail
31 Enb AROV Int Enb AROV Int Sweep done
32 Clr AROV flg Clr AROV flg unused
33 APR PIA 4
34 APR PIA 2
35 APR PIA 1
CONI APR,
0 unused unused unused
...
5 unused unused unused
6 unused unused SBUS error enb
7 unused unused NXM error enb
8 unused unused In-Out Page fail enb
9 unused unused MB parity error enb
10 unused unused Cache directory error enb
11 unused unused Cache addr parity error enb
12 unused unused Power Fail enb
13 unused unused Sweep Done enb
14 unused unused unused
...
18 CONS flg unused unused
19 PDLOV PDLOV Sweep Busy
20 User IOT mode User IOT mode unused
21 User Mode Address Break unused
22 MPV flg MPV flg unused
23 NXM flg NXM flg unused
24 unused unused SBUS error flg
25 CLK enb CLK enb NXM error flg
26 CLK flg CLK flg In-Out page fail flg
27 unused ¬CPA INT MB parity error flg
28 PC CHG enb FOV enb Cache directory error flg
29 PC CHG flg FOV flg Cache addr parity error flg
30 unused MA Trap offset Power fail flg
31 AROV enb AROV enb Sweep done flg
32 AROV flg AROV flg Int requested flg
33 APR PIA 4
34 APR PIA 2
35 APR PIA 1
166 KA KL
PC and flags
0 AR OV [See note]
1 AR CRY0
2 AR CRY1
3 PC Change FOV
4 BIS First Part Done
5 User
6 User In-Out
7 unused CAL FM MON Public
8 unused unused Address Failure Inhibit
9 unused unused Trap 2
10 unused unused Trap 1
11 unused FXU
12 unused DCK
13-17 Zero
18-35 PC
[Note: Bit 0 of the PC represents SCD PCP in exec mode, except in JFCL 10,
which tests AROV. SCD PCP is loaded from bit 0 of a PC word restored by
JRST 2, (or from a UUO or trap new PC word). PCP means previous context
public, i.e., supervisor was called from a public, not a concealed, program.]
KA10 special features:
CONI PTP, bit 28 = KEY NXM STOP
CONI TTY, bit 28 = 1 (for processor identification)
Device OAP (Other Arithmetic Processor, Device code = 20)
CONO OAP, bit 28 clear IPI APR flag
bit 29 set other processor's IPI APR flag
CONI OAP, bit 28 IPI APR flag
bit 29 Other processor's IPI APR flag
IPI APR flag requests an interrupt on the APR channel
Known differences between the Stanford A.I. Lab KA10 and standard KA10's.
1. FIX (opcode 247)
Used to make a floating point number fixed point.
2. PUSHJ doesn't clear BIS
3. Memory Subroutines in the processor have been speeded up.
4. Key NXM stop appears in the CONI PTP,
5. Permanent IOB Drum Split
6. JRST 10, and JRST 4, are illegal in User IOT mode
7. CONO PI,<set MPV>
8. BBN pager, etc.
166 special features:
CONI TTY, bit 27 = 1 (for processor identification)
IBP AC, loads the AC with the incremented byte pointer
KL10 new instructions:
APRID BLKI APR, read APR serial, options, microcode version
BLKO APR, load cache refill algorithm RAM
Writes into a 128x3 table. One BLKO per 3 bit entry.
Effective address of the instruction decodes as follows:
Bit
18 Data bit 4 New order bit
19 Data bit 2 New LRU 2
20 Data bit 1 New LRU 1
21:26 unused
27 RAM address 64 (From new MRU 2)
28 RAM address 32 (From new MRU 1)
29 RAM address 16 (From old MRU 2)
30 RAM address 8 (From old MRU 1)
31 RAM address 4 (From old order bit)
32 RAM address 2 (From old LRU 2)
33 RAM address 1 (From old LRU 1)
34:35 unused
Each (quadruple of) cache line(s) has a 5 bit field (Cache Use Bits)
to specify which of the caches was LRU, MRU and the relative order of
the other two caches. These five bits plus 2 bits of new MRU (i.e.,
the currently referenced cache) are used to index a 128 word table to
produce 3 bits of LRU and order which together with the 2 bits of new
MRU replace the 5 Cache Use bits.
DATAO APR, set state of address comp address/condition
Bit
9 Inst Fetch
10 Data Fetch
11 Write
12 (0=exec, 1=user)
13-35 VMA
DATAI APR, read state of address compare conditions
(Only bits 9-12, as in DATAO APR,)
[Address break appears to cause a page fault]
RDERA BLKI PI, read error address register
BLKO PI, SBUS diagnostic function.
The data at the effective address is written on the SBUS as a diagnostic
function. The results of executing this function is read back from the
SBUS and stored in the effective address plus one. At present two kinds
of devices may be addressed by the SBUS diagnostic functions. These are
the DMA20 external memory adapter, and the MA20 internal memory.
Each device supports two diagnostic functions. The functions and results
are set forth in the following table:
---------- MA20 ----------- ---------- DMA20 ----------
--- Write --- ---- Read --- --- Write --- ---- Read ---
Bit Fcn 0 Fcn 1 Fcn 0 Fcn 1 Fcn 0 Fcn 1 Fcn 0 Fcn 1
00 0 0 0 0 0
01 0 0 0 0 0
02 0 0 Inc RQ 1 1 NXM
03 x2 x2 0 0 RD Par
04 x1 x1 SM 3 0 0 WR Par
05 Clr Err ADR Par SM 2 Clr Err ADR Par
06 INTL 2 INTL 2 SM 1 INTL 2 INTL 2
07 INTL 1 INTL 1 SM 0 INTL 1 INTL 1
08 RQ EN 0 0 SB RQ 0 0
09 RQ EN 1 0 SB RQ 1 0
10 RQ EN 2 0 SB RQ 2 1
11 RQ EN 3 1 SB RQ 3 0
12 EN 6:11 Loop Ar Loop Ar EN 6:7 Loop Ar RD RQ Loop Ar
13 WR RQ
14 Ad Sw 14 Ad Sw 14 SB AD 14
15 Ad Sw 15 Ad Sw 15 SB AD 15
16 Ad Sw 16 Ad Sw 16 SB AD 16
17 Ad Sw 17 Ad Sw 17 SB AD 17
18 Lo Ad 18 Lo Ad 18 SB AD 18
19 Lo Ad 19 Lo Ad 19 SB AD 19
20 Lo Ad 20 Lo Ad 20 SB AD 20
21 Lo Ad 21 Lo Ad 21 SB AD 21
22 Hi Ad 18 Hi Ad 18 SB AD 22
23 Hi Ad 19 Hi Ad 19 SB AD 23
24 Hi Ad 20 Hi Ad 20 SB AD 24
25 Hi Ad 21 Hi Ad 21 SB AD 25
26 EN 14:25 SB AD 26
27 Cur Marg SB AD 27
28 Stb Marg SB AD 28
29 VTH Marg SB AD 29
30 Mar Dir Marg Sel SB AD 30
31 0 0 SB AD 31
32 0 0 SB AD 32
33 0 0 SB AD 33
34 0 0 SB AD 34
35 0 1 0 1 SB AD 35
INTL RQ EN
2 1 0 1 2 3
0 0 Offline 0 0 0 0 Controller offline
0 1 MA20: 1 way interleaved; DMA20: 1 bus mode 1 0 1 0 Even Controller; 2 or 4 way interleaved
1 0 MA20: 2 way interleaved; DMA20: 2 bus mode 0 1 0 1 Odd Controller; 2 or 4 way interleaved
1 1 MA20: 4 way interleaved; DMA20: 4 bus mode 1 1 1 1 Odd and Even Controller; no interleaving
In the DMA20 bits 31:35 are the function select code. In the MA20
bit 35 alone selects the function. In function 1, bits 8:11 read back the
controller type; 1 = MA20, 2 = DMA20. In the MA20, Mar Dir = 0 means
low margins; Mar Dir = 1 means high margins. However, Mar Dir = 1
and bits 28:30 all zero means clear margins. The bits x1 and x2 are the
MA20 device address; up to four MA20 controllers may be present on the
SBUS. A bit name of the form "EN a:b" means that a one in this bit enables
bits a:b to be loaded in this operation. Loop Ar means "Loop Around".
Loop Around mode is for data path debugging: the DMA20 will not cycle
the buses nor will the MA20 actually sense the memories.
DATAO PI, unused
DATAI PI, unused
(PAG is device 10)
DATAO PAG, Set User Context
Bit
0 Load AC blocks from bits 6-11
1 Load previous context from bits 12-17
2 Load UBR, and look at bit 18.
After storing accounting meters in old
UBR (or if bit 18 is a 1, without storing
accounting meters) clear accounting meters.
3-5 unused
6-8 Current AC block number
9-11 Previous AC block number
12 CWSX (if enabled by bit 1)
13-17 Previous section (if enabled by bit 1)
18 Inhibit storing accounting meters
If bit 2 is a 1 and bit 18 is zero,
store current accounting meters in current
UBR.
19-23 unused
24-35 User base
DATAI PAG, Read User context
BLKO PAG,E Invalidate page table entry corresponding
to the (8) page(s) addressed by (E⊗-9)&770
BLKI PAG, unused
CONO PAG, Set Exec context, cache control, trap enb
Bit
18 Cache Look
19 Cache Load
20 unused
21 KL10 paging
22 Trap and Map Enable
23-35 Exec Base register
CONI PAG, Read exec context (same as CONO PAG,)
A CONO PAG, (or a DATAO PAG, with Bit 2 a 1) will invalidate the entire
paging ram.
A UUO stores the
Process context word (UPT location 426)
60wxyz,,ubr
w=current ac block
x=previous ac block
yz=cwsx and previous section
(CCA is device 14)
SWPIA DATAI CCA, Sweep Cache, invalidate all
SWPVA BLKO CCA, Sweep Cache, validate core
SWPUA DATAO CCA, Sweep Cache, validate core, invalidate cache
SWPIO CONI CCA, Sweep Cache, invalidate one page.
b23:35 are the physical page to sweep
SWPVO CONSZ CCA, Sweep Cache, validate one page in core
SWPUO CONSO CCA, Sweep Cache, validate one page in core,
invalidate one page in cache
BLKI CCA, unused?
CONO CCA, unused?
ADJBP IBP AC, if AC field is zero, this is IBP; if AC
is non zero, C(AC) is the byte pointer
adjustment, i.e., the number of times to
increment (decrement) the byte pointer.
Resulting byte pointer is stored in AC.
Unlike IBP, ADJBP maintains the same
alignment of bytes in the word as in the
original byte pointer, e.g.,
IBP 000700,,1000 → 350700,,1001
whereas adjusting by 1 the same pointer
produces 340700,,1001
DADD C(AC,AC+1)+C(E,E+1) → C(AC,AC+1)
DSUB C(AC,AC+1)-C(E,E+1) → C(AC,AC+1)
DMUL C(AC,AC+1)*C(E,E+1) → C(AC,AC+1,AC+2,AC+3)
DDIV C(AC,AC+1,AC+2,AC+3)/C(E,E+1) →
C(AC,AC+1) quotient, C(AC+2,AC+3) remainder
ADJSP AC,E C(AC)+E,,E → C(AC). Carry out of bit 18
is inhibited. (Note this is immediate mode)
MAP
Other differences
In BLT the KL10 always stores in AC the updated BLT pointer, which
will contain <one beyond source>,,<one beyond destination>.
DTE20 KL10 I/O Functions
CONO DTE0,
18:21 unused
22 DONG11 KL10 requests service by the 11
23 clear RELOAD PDP11 button
24 set RELOAD PDP11 button
25 unused
26 Clear DONG10 PDP-10 has responded to interrupt from 11
27 unused
28 unused
29 clear TO-11 Normal Termination and TO-11 Error Termination
30 clear TO-10 Normal Termination and TO-10 Error Termination.
31 enable loading bits 32:35
32 Set PI0 ENABLE (if enabled by bit 31)
[This is ignored on a privileged 11]
33:35 PIA
CONI DTE0, [Bits marked with * request interrupts]
00:19 unused
20 1 if this DTE is restricted, 0 if privileged.
21 PDP-11 Power failure
22 DONG11 KL10 requests service by the 11
23 unused
24 unused
25 unused
26 *DONG10 PDP-11 requests an interrupt on the KL10
27 *TO-11 Error Termination
28 unused
29 *TO-11 Normal Termination
30 *TO-10 Normal Termination
31 *TO-10 Error Termination
32 PI0 Enable
33:35 PIA 4,2,1 (1)
DATAI DTE0, unassigned. Makes EBUS parity errors.
DATAO DTE0,E
00:22 unused
23 bit → TO-10 I BIT
24:35 bits → EBHOLD 11-00
[Bit 23 a zero means that when the TO-10 transfer completes,
only the 10 (not the 11) will be interrupted. This
permits scatter read under control of the 10]
[Bits 24:35 are a negative byte count of the number of bytes
to transfer before giving a normal termination interrupt.
0 means transfer 0 bytes.]
Clocks and meters
There are 5 "clocks", each is actually a counter of some kind:
Interval 100 KHz 12 bits EPT 514 (vector)
Time base 1 MHz rate 52 bits EPT 510-511
Performance 52 bits EPT 512-513
EBOX cycle count 1/2 MBOX clock rate 52 bits UPT 504-505
MBOX cycle count 1 per EBOX mem req. 52 bits UPT 506-507
The MBOX clock counter and EBOX clock counter are together referred to as
the "Accounting Meters." All 52 bit clocks actually are double words in
in memory with 16 bits of each counter implemented in hardware too.
The 52 bit clocks are read with DATAI or BLKI which produce a double word
result suitable for DADD etc. The low 12 bits of the low order counter
words are zero (in the hopes that a faster, compatible format clock
will be available on future machines).
MTR is 24, TIM is 20.
CONO MTR, Accounting and Timebase Control, Interval Timer PIA
18 Enable bits 21:23
19 unused
20 unused
21 PI Acct Enable
22 Exec Acct Enable
23 Acct On
24 Turn off timebase
25 Turn on timebase
26 Clear Timebase
27 unused
28 unused
29 unused
30 unused
31 unused
32 unused
33 Interval timer PIA 4
34 Interval timer PIA 2
35 Interval timer PIA 1
The accounting meters are enabled by:
(Acct On) ∧
(User ∨ ¬PI in progress ∨ PI Acct Enable) ∧
(User ∨ PI in prog ∨ Exec Acct Enb)
When turned on, the accounting meters are enabled to count in user
mode, regardless of PI level. Also, if Exec Acct Enb is true, meters
are enabled at UUO level (exec mode not PI in progress). Also, if PI
Acct Enable is true, meters are enabled while PI in progress. The
meters are disabled by either PI cycle or Ucode State 3.
When enabled, the MBOX meter counts when the MBOX finishes a
memory cycle requested by the EBOX. When enabled, the EBOX meter
counts every second MBOX clock tick unless the EBOX is waiting for
the MBOX.
CONI MTR,
0:17 Unused
18 unused
19 unused
20 unused
21 PI Acct Enable
22 Exec Acct Enable
23 Acct on
24 unused
25 Timebase on
26 unused
27 unused
28 unused
29 unused
30 unused
31 unused
32 unused
33 Interval meter PIA 4
34 Interval meter PIA 2
35 Interval meter PIA 1
CONO TIM,
18 Clear Up Counter
19 unused
20 unused
21 1=Turn on, 0=turn off interval timer
22 Clear Interval Done and Interval Overflow
23 Unused
24:35 Load Period Register
CONI TIM,
0:5 Unused
6:17 Up counter
18:20 unused
21 Interval Timer On
22 *Interval Timer Done
23 *Interval Overflow
24:35 Period register
[When the Up Counter reaches the value specified in
the period register, it sets Interval Timer Done
and resets the up counter to zero.
Interval timer interrupts execute location 514 in the EPT.
If you set a period that's smaller than the current
value of the Up Counter, Up Counter Overflow will
be set (after the up counter reaches maximum value).]
Timebase
DATAI TIM, [read doubleword timebase]
Accounting meters
DATAI MTR, [read doubleword EBOX meter]
BLKI MTR, [read doubleword MBOX meter]
seconds of KL10 time = EBOX/12,500,000 + MBOX*<avg. memory cycle time>
DATAO PAG, with bit 2 set will reset the UBR. Unless bit 18 is set
to inhibit storing accounting meters (useful if there's no old UPT),
the old EBOX and MBOX counters are added to the old UPT 504-507. The
meters are cleared.
DATAO TIM, [unused]
Performance Analysis
BLKO TIM, set performance counter enables
0 Internal Channel 0 Busy Enb A
1 Internal Channel 1 Busy Enb A
2 Internal Channel 2 Busy Enb A
3 Internal Channel 3 Busy Enb A
4 Internal Channel 4 Busy Enb A
5 Internal Channel 5 Busy Enb A
6 Internal Channel 6 Busy Enb A
7 Internal Channel 7 Busy Enb A
8 Internal Channel Don't Care A
9 Microcode State Don't Care B
10 ECL probe low PA enb C
11 ECL probe don't care C
12 ¬Cache Request Enb D
13 ¬Cache Fill (miss) Enb D
14 ¬Cache (Ebox) writeback Enb D
15 ¬Cache Sweep Enb D
16 Cache don't care D
17 unused
18 PI 0 PA enb E
19 PI 1 PA enb E
20 PI 2 PA enb E
21 PI 3 PA enb E
22 PI 4 PA enb E
23 PI 5 PA enb E
24 PI 6 PA enb E
25 PI 7 PA enb E
26 No PI PA enb E
27 User PA enb F
28 Mode PA don't care F
29 1=event mode; 0=Duration mode
30 clear perf meter
31 Unused
32 Unused
33 unused
34 unused
35 unused
BLKI TIM, read doubleword performance analysis counter
A Boolean condition consisting of the AND of six terms is formed.
In duration mode, while this condition is true, the performance meter
is counted at half the MBOX clock rate. In event mode, every transition
of this condition from False to True is counted. The condition is the
AND of six terms (designated A, B, C, D, E and F, to correspond to
the description of BLKO TIM, above).
A: ((Internal Channel n Busy)∧(Internal channel n Busy Enb)) ∨
(Internal channel don't care)
B: (Microcode state 01) ∨ (Microcode state don't care)
C: ((ECL probe state low enb)≠(Probe)) ∨ (ECL Probe don't care)
D: ((Fill cache read) ∧ (Cache fill enb)) ∨
((EBOX waiting) ∧ (cache request enb)) ∨
((EBOX writeback) ∧ (EBOX writeback enb)) ∨
((Sweep writeback) ∧ (sweep writeback enb)) ∨
(Cache don't care)
E: ((PI n is highest channel held or cycling) ∧ (PI n PA enb)) ∨
((No PI channel is held)∧(No PI PA enb))
F: ((User mode)≡(User PA enb)) ∨ (Mode PA don't care)
DATAO MTR, unused
BLKO MTR, unused
KL10 to PDP-11 command word formats.
(CTY Typeout, etc)
[This documents the KLDCP that exists at Stanford A.I. Lab. It has been
modified at Stanford, and presumably it has been modified at DEC since
the last version seen at Stanford.]
The command word, $DTCMD (EPT location 451), has the following significance.
Bits 24:27 are the command type. Bits 28:35 are the command argument.
Note that all this is software protocols as implemented in KLDCP.
Command type:
00 0000 CTY output. Bits 29:35 are the character.
01 0400 Program Control. Bits 32:35 specify subfunction:
00 PDP-10 halted
01 FATAL error
02 Error halt
03 End of Program
04 End of Pass
05 Read the clock default word to $DTF11.
BYTE(4)CCHENB(26)0(3)CLKS,CLKR
CCHENB = cache enables:
10 - cache 0
04 - cache 1
02 - cache 2
01 - cache 3
CLKS = clock source
CLKR = clock rate
06 DIAMON file selection
07 DIAMON file read
10 PDP-10 program command to 11
11 Turn on KA simulation, same as
4400 + 1001 + 1401
12:17 unused.
02 1000 Clock. Bits 34:35 decode as follows:
0 Disable. TENCLK←0;
1 Enable. TENCLK←-1;
Wait for clock to tick; CLKCNT←0;
2 Enable and wait.
TENCLK←-400; C10CW←$DTT11;
Wait for clock to tick; CLKCNT←0;
3 Read PDP-10 Clock count. $DTF11←CLKCNT;
When the clock ticks and TENCLK≠0, CLKCNT is
incremented, then if TENCLK=-1 or
(TENCLK=-400 and the low word of CLKCNT = C10CW)
then $DTCLK←-1 and a 10 interrupt is requested
via the DTE20.
[The following are Stanford additions:]
4 Set time base. TIMBAS←@DTT11;
5 Read time base. @DTT11←TIMBAS;
[The timebase is a 47 bit count of 60ths.
The origin is whatever you want (70,000 years).
Reading and setting the timebase use a double word
integer pointed to by DTT11 (the address is always
a to-11 argument).]
6 Read and enable time/date from battery clock
Stores the time/date in DTTIME and enables storing
it there every 4096. ticks.
03 1400 Read switches into $DTF11.
The switches are simulated in PDP-11 hardware
and software. PDP-11 switches 15:00 correspond
to bits 0:15 in the PDP-10 switches. The remainder
are set by the SW command in KLDCP
0 Read Switch
1 Read Switch, Enable auto deposit into DTSWR
2 Read Switch, Disable auto deposit
04 2000 CTY output. Same as function 0
05 2400 CTY input.
This function appears to wait for all output to
finish and then wait for a complete line to be
typed before returning any non-null characters to
the 10. The 10 won't hang because of various
timeouts. Line editing would seem to be handled
by the 11.
06 3000 Print Control. Bits 28:35 are stored in $FORCE in KLDCP
If $FORCE≠0 then force typeout despite ↑O,
despite pdp-11 switches, despite selection of LPT.
07 3400 DDT mode input. Character returned in $DTF11.
A null is returned in case of timeout.
Force all typeout. Return (on a character, not
a line basis) the characters as they're typed.
10 4000 Monitor TTY mode output
11 4400 Monitor TTY mode control on. (Set MONMOD)
12 5000 Monitor TTY mode control off. (Clear MONMOD)
13 5400 Monitor TTY state
Returns status of Monitor TTY mode (MONMOD)
When MONMOD≠0 the main loop of KLDCP behaves
differently.
TTY input:
$DTF11←character; $DTMTI←-1; 11 rings 10.
TTY output (function 10) character is immediately
sent to the CTY (which had better be ready).
When the CTY output is finished, $DTMTD←-1;
11 rings 10.
14 6000 unused. use of these commands is a programming error
15 6400 unused.
16 7000 unused.
17 7400 unused.
The following is a sample program to effect 10-11 communication.
Enter with TAC=command to the 11. Return with TAC=response from 11.
PI's should be off, or at least this should only be attempted at one
PI level.
DTCMD←←451 ;to 11 command
DTFLG←←444 ;operation complete flag
DTF11←←450 ;from 11 argument
↑DTEXX: PUSH P,TAC1
CONI KLPAG,TAC1 ;TAC1 ← Page number of EPT
ANDI TAC1,777 ;EPT better be in first 256K
LSH TAC1,=9 ;TAC1 ← Address of EPT
MOVEM TAC,DTCMD(TAC1) ;STORE COMMAND FOR 11
SETZM DTFLG(TAC1) ;CLEAR 11'S RESPONSE FLAG
CONO DTE0,DONG11 ;RING FOR 11
SKIPN DTFLG(TAC1) ;WAIT FOR RESPONSE
JRST .-1
MOVE TAC,DTF11(TAC1) ;GET 11'S RESPONSE WORD
POP P,TAC1
POPJ P,
KL10 UPT/EPT Special Locations
WARNING!!!!!!!!
The KL10 will invent a "cache bit" for all of it's UPT and EPT references,
i.e. whenever the microcode does UPT REF or EPT REF. So it is possible that
EPT and UPT locations wind up in the cache with stale data in core even if
the system has the cache bit off for these pages in the page table. This
may cause trouble if some other processor needs to reference those locations.
However, if the KL10 references them, it will reference the cache locations,
since the KL will always read from the cache if it finds the data there (as long
as CACHE LOOK is on).
WARNING!!!!!!!!
EPT
42-57 Standard Priority interrupt locations
142 DTE0 Vector Interrupt Instruction
421 Exec AROV Trap Instruction
422 Exec PDLOV Trap Instruction
423 Exec TRAP-3 Trap Instruction
444 DTE20 OPERATION COMPLETE FLAG (Implemented in KLDCP)
445 CLOCK INTERRUPT FLAG
446 TIME AND DATE (FROM BATTERY BACKUP CLOCK)
447 TO 11 ARGUMENT
450 FROM 11 ARGUMENT
451 TO 11 COMMAND WORD
454 LAST KEY STRUCK ON CTY
455 MONITOR TTY OUTPUT DONE FLAG
456 MONITOR TTY INPUT READY FLAG
457 PDP-10 SWITCH REGISTER (DEPOSITED HERE)
510-511 Time base
512-513 Performance Analyis count
514 Interval Timer Vector Interrupt Instruction
UPT
421 User AROV Trap Instruction
422 User PDLOV Trap Instruction
423 User TRAP-3 Trap Instruction
424 MUUO stored here
425 MUUO old PC word
426 Process Context Word
430 Kernel No Trap PC word
431 Kernel Trap PC word
432 Supervisor No Trap PC word
433 Supervisor Trap PC word
434 Concealed No Trap PC word
435 Concealed Trap PC word
436 Public No Trap PC word
437 Public Trap PC word
500 Page Fail Word
501 Page Fail Old PC
502 Page Fail New PC
504-505 EBOX meter word
506-507 MBOX meter word
Monitor Programming
UUOs from user mode will set Previous Context User (PCU = Bit 6 in PC)
and set current ac block = 0; previous ac block=1.
UUOs from kernal mode will clear PCU set current ac=0, previous=1.
Context switching:
When the map is changed, the previous context acs should be changed
too. That is, contents of AC block 1 should be saved in old user's
shadow, and new contents of block 1 should be loaded from new user's
shadow.
All bare machine programs will have to be changed for the KL10. Interfaces
to CTY, IOP, DC (and thus MTA, DTA) have been changed.
When taking an interrupt (by a JSR) some user mode PC flags are kept in the
new (exec mode) PC. One of these is AR OV (bit 0) which regrettably means
PCP (previous context public) in exec mode. Therefore, on all interrupts
where user core will be referenced, PCP should be cleared in the exec mode
PC.
CONO PI,<Turn off selected channel> is not effective immediately. This
means that all channel's interrupt code must test for the condition
of being in progress on a channel that's been turned off. If that condition
is detected, and it isn't the case that this channel was GEN'ed on, then
the interrupt should be dismissed.
CONO PI,<generate interrupt on selected channel> has two peculiarities.
If the GEN is aimed at a higher priority channel then it isn't immediately
effective. In this case, the CONO PI,<GEN channel> should be followed by
a logical no-op that requires an EBUS cycle such as CONO PI,PION.
If the GEN is aimed at a lower priority channel then one should beware
the fact that the GEN isn't effective until after the present channel is
dismissed. If it's necessary to get to a lower priority channel without
returing to the interrupted process then you must dismiss to an exec mode
loop or something.
KL10 Folklore (from MIT)
Sometimes an MF10 memory gets hung. Often the INC RQ light will be
on. Sometimes raising the RESET switch inside the memory's front door
will help; sometimes a module in the port control is fried. (Any of
several modules.)
TU41 blower belt has to be the correct belt, has to not be worn out,
and has to have pulleys aligned. Otherwise it drops off or breaks
and tape rotates backwards.
RP04 oscillating seeks & Maytag mode when loading => tachometer output
needs to be adjusted.
When powering machine back on, circuit breaker in disk DF10 may trip.
When powering machine back on, sometimes disk #0 needs to be stopped,
powered off and on, and started again, to reset the two-massbus
switch.
If DECtape motor doesn't win, may be G848 seating problem.
If kicking the LA36 causes power fail, "power warn" lead to top left
edge of CPU backplane needs to be disconnected. (Apparently the other
end is unconnected.) [Missing ECO in 863.]
Bad door-open switches (?) in MF10. Memories have to be operated with
over-ride turned on.
Apparently power supplies in CPU and IO box can drift voltages.
Apparently air-flow sensors can fail sporadically. I am told that
disconnecting one => indication of good airflow.
RP04 attention/error conditions are super-random.
Often mysterious marginality is caused by bad seating of modules.
CONO'ing a PI channel off doesn't necessarily prevent it from
interrupting. It works to have each interrupt routine do CONSO to make
sure the channel is enabled, and dismiss if not.
Before running a memory diagnostic, do PE 0, because the memory
diagnostics don't know how to handle parity faults.
MF10's always fail solidly.
Obscure cases in the microcode tend to have bugs. E.g. you could
interrupt out of a PI cycle, hence BLKI/BLKO as interrupt instructions
tended to be flakey.
When running any diagnostic, even the 'DG' series, you better reload with old
microcode (U.RAM).
When running DDDFA the channel has to be in KA mode. This is a bug in the program.
User programming differences between the KL10 and the KA10. Including
some information pertaining to the Stanford A.I. Lab 8.00 series operating
system.
6/13/76 REG
Preliminary information. For further details, consult REG or JBR.
AOBJN
KA10 adds 1,,1 to the AC. The KL does the same, but suppresses the
carry out of bit 18. That is, if AC contains X,,-1 then on the KA
the result of AOBJN is X+2,,0 and on the KL the result is X+1,,0.
Byte pointers
If the right half of a byte pointer is -1, the KA10 incrementing the
word address will produce a carry into the index field (the result of
an ILDB or IDPB in this circumstance is unpredictable). On the KL10,
carry out of bit 18 is suppressed.
BLT
On the KA10 the AC of a BLT instruction is unpredictably changed by
the BLT. On the KL10, before any data is moved, the quantity <last
source address+1>,,<last destination address+1> is stored in the BLT
AC. If the BLT AC is stored by the BLT (i.e., as a destination) then
it ought to be the last destination location, otherwise, effects of
interrupts may clobber the BLT AC.
POP P,P doesn't work on a KL10. On a KA10 it puts the popped word
into P, but on a KL10 it just subtracts 1,,1 from P and throws away
the popped word.
Processor identification
The following code will distinguish between a PDP-6, KA10, KI10 and KL10,
in case you need to make this distinction in some program:
JFCL 17,.+1 ;CLEAR ALL PC FLAGS
JRST .+1 ;TEST FOR PC CHANGE FLAG
JFCL 1,PDP6 ;ONLY PDP-6 PROCESSOR HAS PC CHANGE FLAG
MOVNI AC,1 ;TEST FOR CARRY OUT OF BIT 18 IN AOBJN
AOBJN AC,.+1
JUMPN AC,KA10 ;KA10 CARRIES ACROSS HALFWORDS
MOVEI AC,0 ;ON A 1 WORD BLT, THE KI10 WON'T
BLT AC,0 ;CHANGE THE BLT AC.
JUMPE AC,KI10 ;IF BLT AC IS STILL ZERO, THIS IS A KI
KL10:
JRST 3, which sometimes appears in spacewar modules, is illegal.
Instead, use JRST 2, and set 10000,,0 in the word being indirected
through.
CONSZ APR,40 and CONSO APR,40 to distinguish between processors
should NOT be used. Instead, locations 326 (SKIPP1) and 327 (SKIPP2)
contain instructions, which when executed from a spacewar module,
will skip if executed on P1 or skip if executed on P2. The
instructions should be read into your core image by a PEEK UUO or
somesuch executed at user level (prior to starting your spacewar
module).
The KA10 and PDP-6 FIX instruction, opcode 247 on the KA (and 120-127
and 247 on the PDP-6), does not exist in the KL10. It will, however,
trap to the monitor which will simulate the effect of the old FIX
instruction. This simulation may readily be expected to run 50 to
200 times slower than the KA10 version. It's strongly recommended
that the new KL10 FIX instruction (mnemonic KIFIX in FAIL) be used
instead. (KIFIX is different from KAFIX. See below.)
The KA10 long mode floating point instructions (FADL, FSBL, FMPL,
FDVL) and two other floating point instructions UFA and DFN are not
implemented in our KL10's microcode. These instructions will trap as
UUOs and be simulated by the monitor, running 50 to 200 times slower
than the KA10 versions. If your program uses these to implement KA10
style double precision floating point, then you are strongly advised
to convert to KL10 hardware double precision format.
UUOs from spacewar mode on the KL10 will reference the spacewar level
accumulators (instead of the user mode accumulators).
Spacewar no longer runs PI in progress on PI channel 7. Instead it
runs at user level (i.e., not PI in progress anywhere) and channel
7 activity is curtailed except for the spacewar timeout function.
Proprietors of programs that do disk I/O in buffered mode should
consider increasing the number of buffers. Reasonable choices for
the number of buffers are 19, 10, 7, and 5. In general, your program
will be able to process data 5 times faster, so that minimizing the
number of disk operations needed by you program will decrease its
overall running time (but not its CPU time) and decrease the disk
bottleneck. There is no advantage to having more than 19 buffers per
channel. If your program is largely compute bound, increasing the
buffer size won't help very much. The disadvantage to having more
buffers is that it increases the total core requirement of the job.
KL10 New instructions: [Note that if you use these instructions, your
program can't be run on the KA10. If we roll back, you get to
rewrite your program. The safest thing to do is to wait until the
KL10 is solid, or write programs that figure out which CPU is up, and
execute only appropriate instructions.]
Adjust byte pointer
IBP AC,E If the AC field of an IBP instruction is not zero,
then AC contains the number of times to increment the byte pointer
addressed by E. The incremented byte pointer is returned in AC with
contents of E unchanged. The "increment" may be negative. NOTE:
This instruction does not always produce the same result as an
iterated IBP. The difference is that the same byte alignment that is
present in C(E) is preserved by Adjust Byte pointer (if an IBP
crosses a word boundary the bytes become left adjusted in a word).
Example of the difference:
MOVEI AC,1 ;(AC ≠ 0)
IBP AC,[000700,,0] ;result (in AC) is 340700,,1
;000700 points to right adjusted
;7 bit bytes as does 340700
MOVE AC,[000700,,0]
MOVEM AC,TEMP
IBP TEMP ;result (in TEMP) is 350700,,1
;350700 points to left adjusted bytes
ADJSP AC,E
Adjust stack pointer. E,,E is added to AC (carry out of bit
18 is suppressed). If the sign of AC changes, a PDLOV trap results.
E may be negative.
Double precision integer arithmetic. Operands are 70 bits and a sign
bit (bit 0 of low order word is ignored). This is the same integer
format that is produced by MUL.
In the descriptions that follow, "AC+1", "AC+2", and "AC+3" are all meant
to be taken modulo 20 (octal).
DADD AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(AC, AC+1) + C(E, E+1)
DSUB AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(AC, AC+1) - C(E, E+1)
DMUL AC,E
C(AC, AC+1, AC+2, AC+3) ← C(AC, AC+1) * C(E, E+1)
DDIV AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← Quotient of C(AC, AC+1, AC+2, AC+3) / C(E, E+1)
C(AC+2, AC+3) ← Remainder of C(AC, AC+1, AC+2, AC+3) / C(E, E+1)
EXTEND
USERS ARE ADVISED TO AVOID "EXTEND".
Various conversion and string manipulation operations are
available. Details will be forthcoming when we decide what subset of
the DEC EXTEND instruction to implement. We're short on microcode
space so some of the DEC supplied EXTEND code may have to be
sacrificed. The existing microcode for EXTEND has not been extensively
tested; it may be buggy, especially with respect to interrupts.
DMOVE AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(E, E+1)
DMOVN AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← -C(E, E+1)
DMOVEM AC,E
C(E, E+1) ← C(AC, AC+1)
DMOVNM AC,E
C(E, E+1) ← -C(AC, AC+1)
DFAD AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(AC, AC+1) + C(E, E+1)
DFSB AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(AC, AC+1) - C(E, E+1)
DFMP AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(AC, AC+1) * C(E, E+1)
DFSB AC,E
C(AC, AC+1) ← C(AC, AC+1) / C(E, E+1)
KIFIX AC,E
AC ← contents of E (a floating point number) converted to integer format.
Truncation of the fraction moves the result closer to zero. (E.g., 1.9 is
truncated to 1, -1.9 is truncated to -1). (Fortran style IFIX)
FIXR AC,E
AC ← contents of E (a floating point number) converted to integer format.
Fractional part is rounded by adding 0.5 and then truncating towards -∞.
(E.g., 1.5 is rounded to 2, -1.5 is rounded to -1, -1.6 is rounded to -2)
(Algol style real to integer conversion).
FLTR AC,E
AC ← contents of E (an integer) converted (by rounding, if needed) to
floating point format.
KL10 PC flag bit assignments:
0 AR OV
1 AR CRY0
2 AR CRY1
3 FOV
4 FPD (First Part Done, essentially the same as BIS)
5 User
6 User In-Out
7 Public (Setting this bit causes a proprietary violation)
8 Address Failure Inhibit
9 Trap 2
10 Trap 1
11 FXU
12 DCK
13-17 Zero
18-35 PC
All bare machine programs will have to be changed for the KL10.
Interfaces to CTY, IOP, DC (and thus MTA, DTA) have been changed.
Any programs that reference these from IOT user mode or spacewar mode
are now incorrect.
Reloading the KL10
RELOADING:
0. If there has been a power failure, go to 100.
1. If a message such as "KL10 Halted .... " appears followed by
">." at the left margin go to step 3. The important part is that
">." should appear to signify that KLDCP is listening.
2. Type ↑X (i.e., control X). The response should be "KLDCP" and a
crlf and a period. You may sometimes have to wait a few seconds for
this response. If you don't get a period or ">." at the left margin,
go to 100.
3. Type "DS" and return. If you get the response "DSKDMP" go to
step 4, otherwise, try "MR" and then "DS" (each terminated by
return). If you don't get "DSKDMP" as a response to DS, then if
the KA10 is runing, stop it and repeat this step. If the KA10 is
stopped and DS doesn't get you "DSKDMP", go to 100.
4. Type "SYSTEM" and return to DSKDMP. If the system reloads and
starts you are winning. Otherwise, if the KA10 is running, stop it
and repeat steps 3 and 4. If the KA10 is stopped and DSKDMP still
doesn't work, you need help.
********************************************
Don't come here unless directed by the steps above.
100. Start the PDP-11 at 100014. [Set 100014 in the PDP-11 switches,
press halt, then move halt back to it's upper position, press load address
then press start.] If the console types "Stanford KL10 Diagnostic Console
Program" (or something like that) then you've got a KLDCP to talk to. Go to
102.
101. Make sure a dectape labeled "KL10 bootstrap" is mounted on a PDP-11
dectape drive that is selected to unit 0 and is enabled for "remote"
(i.e., computer) operation. Press "LOAD DECTAPE" [located above and to
the left of the red "Emergency Power Off" button] and hold it for
at least a slow count to one. The dectape should spin and eventually
something like "TCDP monitor" should be typed. Type in "KLDCP" and
return. KLDCP should load and type a message - Go to 102.
If you don't get to "TCDP" you might try pressing the LOAD DECTAPE button
again. If you get to TCDP and the "KLDCP" command doesn't work, call for
help.
102. If there's been a power failure you will have to reload the
KL10's microcode. Type "LR SU" to KLDCP. If any error messages are
printed, you need help.
103. [Only if there's been a power failure, or in other exceptional
circumstances] After loading the microcode, you must configure the
memory adapter. One of the commands "I X1", "I X2", or "I X4" should
be used. Currently "I X4" is right, and if that changes, this should
be changed too.
104. Load DSKDMP boot into the PDP-11 by "LD BOOT"
105. You should now be able to perform steps 3 and 4, but if that doesn't
work, you need help.
Help: REG (9) 326-5879
JBR (9) 494-3597
CONO PI,bit 22 clears only the requests initiated with CONO PI,bit 24.
In fact, that is the only way such a request can be cleared.
DTE20 is device 200 same as DC
AS is device 774 is unrestricted
CONO PAG,E and CONI PAG,E
bit function
18 cache look (enables looking in the cache)
19 cache load (enables writing into the cache)
20 unused
21 KL10 paging mode
22 trap and paging enable
23-35 executive base register (EBR)
DATAO PAG,E
bit function
0 enable load current AC block and previous AC block
1 enable load CWSX and previous section
2 enable load UBR
3-5 unused
6-8 current AC block
9-11 previous AC block
12 CWSX
13-17 previous section
18 inhibit storing accounting meters
24-35 UBR
Microcode is assembled without KA10 floating point long mode instructions.
They will trap as UUOS. JSYS doesn't exist. It will also trap as a UUO.
LUUOs trap to 40 and 41 regardless of exec/user mode.
New instruction BLKI PAG,E loads AC block 6 register 6 from C(E) and register
7 from C(E+1). This is intended for loading the page table pointers to the
exec and user page tables respectively.
EPT and UPT locations
EPT location function
UPT location function
424 KA style MUUO stored here (XR and @ bits are off,rh = effective addr)
425 KA style flags,,PC+1 of MUUO stored here
426 process context word: 60wxyz,,UBR in DATAO PAG, format, where
w = current AC block, x = previous AC block, yz = CWSX,prev section
430 KERNEL NO TRAP new MUUO PC word
431 KERNEL TRAP new MUUO PC word
432 SUPERVISOR NO TRAP new MUUO PC word
433 SUPERVISOR TRAP new MUUO PC word
434 CONCEALED NO TRAP new MUUO PC word
435 CONCEALED TRAP new MUUO PC word
436 PUBLIC NO TRAP new MUUO PC word
437 PUBLIC TRAP new MUUO PC word
EBOX/MBOX interface
Microcode MEM field
decode name
1 MCL MEM/ARL IND
2 MCL MEM/MB WAIT
3 MCL MEM/SECTION ZERO
4 MCL MEM/AREAD
5 MCL MEM/B WRITE
6 MCL MEM/FETCH
7 MCL MEM/REG FUNC
10 MCL MEM/A@
11 MCL MEM/B@
12 MCL MEM/LOAD AR
13 MCL MEM/LOAD ARX
14 MCL MEM/AD FUNC
15 MCL MEM/BREAD
16 MCL MEM/WRITE
17 MCL MEM/RPW CYCLE
The EBOX requests a cycle from the MBOX by asserting MCL MBOX CYC REQ.
This will happen if:
1) MCL MEM 00 is true (decodes 10-17)
2) MCL MEM/AREAD is true and the DRAM A field is not 0 or 2 (0 is immediate,
2 is illegal)
3) MCL MEM/FETCH and -CON PI CYCLE are both true
4) MCL MEM/B WRITE is true and the DRAM B field bit 01 is on (DBL BOTH, SELF,
MEM, BOTH)
5) MCL MEM/REG FUNC is true
6) MCL MEM/FETCH and #01 are true (regardless of CON PI CYCLE) and
IR TEST SATISFIED is true (fetch is conditional on test specified by
DRAM B field)
7) MCL MEM/AREAD and IR JRST 0, are true (the A field for JRST says
"immediate" and the jump field is buggered to provide a 16 way dispatch
on the ac field. Some of the JRST instructions need to do memory cycles
but JRST 0, doesn't and so a fetch is started for it here. The DRAM A
field being "immediate" causes the VMA to be loaded from the AD which
has the effective address)
8) MCL MEM/FETCH and #00 both true (#00 indicates unconditional fetch)
9) MCL SPEC/SP MEM CYCLE and #00 both true (fetch: load IR)
The signal MCL REQ EN will be true if either MEM 00 or 01 (i.e., 4-17) is true,
except for a MEM/B WRITE with DRAM B field bit 1 off. MCL REQ EN enables several
flip flops to load information about the MBOX cycle that the EBOX is just now
requesting. In particular it enables the following to be loaded:
signal page
MCL VMA READ MCL2
MCL VMA PAUSE MCL2
MCL VMA WRITE MCL2
MCL VMA FETCH MCL2
MCL LOAD AR MCL2
MCL LOAD ARX MCL2
MCL STORE AR MCL2
MCL EBOX MAP MCL6
MCL REG FUNC MCL6
APR REG FUNC EN APR6
#01-02,06-07 APR6
MCL VMA READ, PAUSE, WRITE and FETCH are used to control the MBOX when it
does this cycle for the EBOX.
Bit 2 causes CON MBOX WAIT if CON MEM CYCLE is set (set by MCL MBOX CYC REQ)
MCL LOAD VMA HELD is asserted by either MEM 02 or CON COND/LOAD VMA HELD.
It causes the VMA HELD register to be loaded from the VMA and the MCL cycle
type flip flops. The left half of this register gets loaded with:
bit function
1 MCL LOAD AR
2 MCL LOAD ARX
3 MCL VMA PAUSE
4 MCL VMA WRITE
5 MCL VMA USER
6 MCL VMA PUBLIC
7 MCL VMA PREVIOUS
8 MCL VMA EXTENDED
9 MCL VMA FETCH
10 MCL EBOX MAP
11 -MCL EBOX CACHE
12 -MCL EBOX MAY BE PAGED
VMA control (this is hairy, controlled mostly on the MCL print)
Microcode VMA field
value function
00 inhibits loading VMA and VMAX
01 (PC) VMA←PC
10 (PC+1) VMA←PC+1
11 load the VMA from the AD
any non-zero value in the VMA field (except during a satisfied jump condition)
causes MCL LOAD VMA which causes CON VMA SEL 2,1 to be set to 11 enabling
the VMA and VMAX to load. The VMA will load from the VMA AD unless the
VMA field is 11 in which case it will load from the AD. VMAX bits are
controlled by the VMA 13-17 IN mixer.
the VMA AD is normally set up to the PC. If the VMA field is 10 or 11 then
the VMA AD has PC+1 (irrelevant in the case of VMA field = 11) because
SCD TRAP MIX 35 has been set. It is also possible to get VMA←PC+1 using
VMA field 01 if MCL VMA INC is true which occurs when a non-pi skip
condition is satisfied.
COND/VMA INC and COND/VMA DEC increment and decrement the VMA respectively
leaving VMAX alone.
any time the VMA loads the VMAX does also. It will load with zeros if
MCL VMAX EN is false which will occur on RESET, MEM/SECTION ZERO,
SPEC/SP MEM CYCLE with #03 and on several PXCT/SXCT conditions.
Otherwise, it is enabled for loading from one of four places selected
by MCL VMAX SEL 2,1.
00 VMA 13-17 (VMAX)
01 PC 13-17 (PC section)
10 VMA PREV SEC 13-17
11 AD 13-17
CTL SPEC/SECTION HOLD forces 00. MCL VMA PREV EN forces 2 or 3, -MCL VMA PREV EN
forces 1 or 3. MCL VMA EXT EN, MCL MEM/AD FUNC and MCL MEM/REG FUNC force 3.
COND field decodes of 30-34 modify the VMA AD value (which is looked at
only if the VMA field is 01 or 10).
VMA AD 18-26 0
VMA AD 27-31 #0-4
VMA AD 32-35 SCD TRAP MIX 32-35
SCD TRAP MIX 32-35 is determined by the COND field (except that SCD TRAP MIX 35
is ored with one if the VMA field is 10 or 11 and it is not a PI CYCLE).
cond SCD TRAP MIX 32-35
30 #5-8
31 #5,6,SCD TRAP CYC 2,1
32 #5,SCD USER,PUBLIC,TRAP CYC 1 OR 2
33 AR 32-35
34 PI2 PI 4,2,1,#8
Previous Context Execute (PXCT = XCT with non-zero AC field in exec mode only)
The AC field of the PXCT is decoded to determine when to enforce previous
context. Note that previous context may be exec mode as well as user mode.
The previous context ACs are determined by DATAO PAG, bits 9-11. For
previous context non-ac references, the PCU bit in the PC word (bit 6)
forces user mode previous context references. The PXCT AC field bits
control which parts of the target instruction are interpreted in previous
context mode as follows:
AC field value part of cycle done in previous context
10 Effective address computation of target instruction. i.e.,
for indexing, the previous context ACs are used. If the
effective address computation of the target instruction
involves an indirect cycle, then the location that is read
will be in the previous context if both this bit and the 4 bit
are on (the 4 bit enables reads and writes).
4 Any memory reference, whether reading or writing, that is
specified by E. i.e. the fetch or store of the effective
address, the source of a PUSH, or the destination of a POP
or a BLT.
2 Effective address computation of a byte pointer. i.e., indexing
specified by a byte pointer.
1 Stack word in PUSH or POP, the source in a BLT, the fetch of
the effective address of the byte pointer in a load byte
instruction.
DTE20 KL10 I/O Functions
CONO DTE0,E
00:21 must be zero
22 TO11DB Set 10 to 11 doorbell
23 CR11B Clear "reload 11" button in DTE
24 SR11B Set "reload 11" button in DTE. This initiates a ROM
bootstrap in the 11.
25 must be zero
26 CL11PI clears 11 to 10 doorbell
27:28 must be zero
29 CLTO11 clear TO11DN and TO11ER in the DTE
30 CLTO10 clear TO10DN and TO10ER in the DTE
31 PILDEN Enable loading PI0 ENABLE and PIA
32 PI0ENB 1=enables use of PI 0 for examine, deposit and byte xfer
33:35 PIA PI assignment for doorbell and byte xfer termination ints.
CONI DTE0,E Read DTE status
00:19 unused. read as zero
20 RM 0=DTE is privileged, 1 = DTE is restricted
21 DEAD11 PDP-11 power is not correct. No transfers can be done
22 TO11DB 10 to 11 doorbell is set
23:25 unused. read as zero
26 TO10DB 11 to 10 doorbell is set
27 TO11ER 1=an error occurred during a to-11 transfer
28 unused. read as zero
29 TO11DN 1=a to-11 transfer completed without error.
To-11 transfer completes if either the TO11BC become
zero, or the ZSTOP bit was set and a null byte was
transferred to the 11.
30 TO10DN 1=a to-10 transfer completed (the TO10BC became zero)
without errors.
31 TO10ER 1=error occured during a to-10 transfer. Either 11
memory parity error or unibus timeout error, but not
EBus parity error.
32 PI0ENB 1=this DTE is enabled by the EBox to perform examines,
deposits and byte transfers at PI level 0. This bit is
ignored if DTE is privileged.
33:35 PIA PI assignment for doorbell and byte transfer termination
(normal or error) interrupts.
DATAO DTE0,E Initiate a to-10 transfer
00:22 unused
23 1=interrupt both, 0=interrupt 10 only on normal termination.
24:35 negative byte count for to-10 transfer.
DTE20 PDP11 Registers
UNIBUS locations 174400 - 174427 are contained in a RAM in the DTE20.
These locations MUST NOT be written in byte mode. Reading any RAM location
returns the last value written there. Writing into certain RAM locations
has side effects as indicated below.
All addresses below are for DTE0 in the PDP-11. Add 40*n for DTEn.
Name Addr Bit Function Comments
DLYCNT 174400 15:14 High address bits in 11 byte addresses.
Specifies state of unibus bits 17:16.
Byte transfers cannot cross a 32Kw boundary.
To-10 and To-11 transfers must be in the
same 32Kw bank.
13:0 Delay count negative number of 500ns delays between
cycles in byte mode. Will transfer when
bit 13 = 0 after incrementing count
DEXWD3 174402 15:00 KL10 Examine/deposit data bits 20:35
DEXWD2 174404 15:00 KL10 Examine/deposit data bits 4:19
DEXWD1 174406 15:04 unused
03:00 KL10 Examine/deposit data bits 0:3
TENAD1 174410 15:13 address space This field is significant only for
privileged front-ends when PRTOFF=1.
0=EPT; 1=Exec Virtual; 2=UPT;
3=User Virtual; 4=Physical; 5,6,7 undefined.
12 DEP 0=examine, 1=deposit
11 PRTOFF 0=normal, 1=privileged
For privileged examine/deposit, this
bit must be set every time. Even though
this bit in the RAM is set, the DTE20
will clear the privileged state after
every ex or dep operation.
If PRTOFF=0 or this front-end is restricted,
then all ex/dep are relocated by EPT cells.
10:07 unused
06:00 KL10 address bits 13-19
TENAD2 174412 15:00 KL10 address bits 20-35
Writing into this register will start
an examine or deposit operation. Sets
CNT5 DEX START (1) which is cleared by
finishing operation or master clear.
State of DEX START can be read as
STATUS bit 2 (inverted).
TO10BC 174414 To 10 Byte Count
15 I 1=interrupt both, 0=interrupt 10 only
on normal termination.
14:12 unused
11:00 Negative byte count. 11 may monitor
this cell. A To-10 transfer will begin
when the 10 writes this cell via DATAO.
[DIAG3 bit 0 controls to-10 word/byte mode]
TO11BC 174416 To 11 Byte Count
15 I 0=interrupt 11 only on normal termination.
1=interrupt both on normal termination.
Read returns last value written in I bit,
but I bit is cleared at end of every
transfer.
On error termination, both cpus get error
termination interrupt.
14 ZSTOP 0=normal, 1=stop transfer if null character
is received from the 10 (stores null in 11).
TO11AD isn't incremented, so next xfer will
clobber the null byte in the 11. Read
returns the last value written, but hardware
state is cleared at end of each xfer.
13 TO11BM 0=word, 1=byte mode for to-11 xfer.
Read returns last value written, but
hardware returns to word mode at end of
xfer.
12 unused
11:00 Negative byte count.
Transfer begins when both TO11BC and TO11AD
have been written since last termination.
TO10AD 174420 15:00 To 10 Address Byte address of source string. This
word is updated as each byte (word) is
transferred. At the end of a transfer,
it point to the byte (word) which would
have been transferred next.
Counts by 1 for bytes, by 2 for words.
TO11AD 174422 15:00 To 11 Address
Read: next 11 byte address to be transferred
to. Write: byte address in 11 memory for
where to store the next byte (word).
This word is updates as each byte (word) is
recieved from the 10. At the end of the
transfer, it points to the byte (word) which
would have been stored next.
Counts by 1 for bytes, by 2 for words.
TO10DT 174424 To 10 Data word
This word is provided for monitoring
purposes only.
15:08 High order byte
In 11 byte mode, this is 0
In 11 word mode, this is data becomes
10 bits 20:27.
07:00 Low order byte for 10 bits 28:35
TO11DT 174426 To 11 Data word. Provided for monitoring purposes only.
15-08 High order byte
In 11 byte mode: KL10 bits 28:35 or 20:27
In 11 word mode: KL10 bits 20:27
07-00 Low order byte
In 11 byte mode: KL10 bits 28:35 or 20:27
In 11 word mode: KL10 bits 28:35
DIAG1 174430 Diagnostic word 1
15-12 unused
11 1 = KL10 clock error stop
KL10 clock is frozen due to one of:
CRAM, DRAM, or FM parity error, or
FS maint condition true.
10 1 = RUN The microcode examines the state of this
bit. If 0, ucode will enter halt loop.
09 1 = HALT Microcode sets this when it enters halt loop
08 Read: 1 = interface major state is either ex or dep.
Write: must be zero
07 Read: 1 = interface major state is TO10 transfer
Write: 1 = cause EBox to stop sending basic status on the
DS lines. This allows DTE20 loopback test.
06 Read: 1 = interface major state is TO11 transfer
Write: must be zero
05 Read: 1 = interface is in the 10/11 diagnostic mode,
i.e., it will diagnose itself.
Write: 1 = set, 0 = clear, 10/11 diagnostic mode.
04 Read: vector interrupt address bit 4
Write: 1 = if 10/11 diagnostic mode, then generate
a single clock pulse.
03 Read: 0
Write: 1 = if DTE is privileged, put DTE in KL10 diagnostic
mode. Subsequent examines and deposits will
become diagnostic functions instead of
accessing KL10 memory.
0 = return DTE to normal mode.
02 Read: 0
Write: 1 = send data to 10 during diagnostic bus transfer.
0 = receive data during diag bus xfer.
01 unused
00 Read: 1 = diagnostic command is in progress
Write: 1 = if privileged, set "diag command start"
0 = clear "diag command start"
DIAG2 174432 Diagnostic word 2
15 contents of Ram File Mixer address 0 or 3?
14 contents of Ram File Mixer address 1 or 2?
Write: 1 = set, 0 = clear, Ebus Done
13 contents of Ram File Mixer address 2 or 1?
12 contents of Ram File Mixer address 3 or 0?
11:07 unused
06 Write: 1 = reset the DTE
05 unused
04:01 Write: (for diagnostic only) loads 4 bits into minor state
00 unused
STATUS 174434 Status (except as noted, byte instrs are ok)
15 Read: 1 = To-10 normal termination.
Write: 1 = set to-10 normal termination status
14 Read: 0
Write: 1 = clear to-10 normal termination
13 Read: 1 = To-10 error termination
NPR Unibus parity error, PDP-11 Mem
parity error, or bus timeout, or
program set this bit.
Write: 1 = Set to-10 error termination status
12 Read: DPS4 RAM = 0 (For diagnostics only)
Write: 1 = Clear to-10 error termination status
11 Read: state of 10 to 11 doorbell
Write: 1 = set 10 to 11 doorbell
10 Read: -CNT4 DEX WD1 (for diagnostics only)
Write: 1 = clear 10 to 11 doorbell
09 Read: state of 11 memory parity error flag
Write: 1 = clear 11 memory parity error flag
08 Read: state of 11 to 10 doorbell
Write: 1 = set 11 to 10 doorbell
07 Read: 1 = To-11 normal termination
Write: 1 = Set to-11 normal termination
06 Read: CNT6 E-BUF SEL (for diagnostics only)
Write: 1 = Clear to-11 normal termination and null stop
05 Read: 1 = the to-11 transfer stopped on a null
Write: 1 = enable DTE to generate PDP-11 BR requests.
* 04 Read: state of EBus parity error flag
Write: 1 = clear EBus parity error flag
03 Read: 1 = this DTE is in restricted mode
Write: 1 = disable DTE from making BR requests
* 02 Read: 1 = the last examine/deposit operation has been
completed. No interrupt. This bit is
cleared by storing in TENAD2.
Write: 1 = set EBus parity error
01 Read: state of to-11 error termination
Write: 1 = set to-11 error termination
00 Read: state of enabling of DTE for BR requests
Write: 1 = clear to-11 error termination.
* Don't write these bits using byte instructions!
DIAG3 174436 Diagnostic word 3
15 Read: Swap Select Left
14 Read: DPS4 Parity (1)
13:08 Read: Captured Unibus parity error information
07:06 unused
05 Write: 1 = Shift captured data.
Need 4 looks (i.e., 3 shifts) to read all the data
04 Read: 1 = DUPE. DTE detected a DATO unibus parity error
Write: 1 = clear DUPE and DURE
03 Read: status of write even parity flip-flop
Write: 1 = write even parity
02 Read: 1 = DURE. DATO unibus receive error
01 Read: 1 = NPR parity error flag
Write: 1 = clear NPR parity error flag
00 Write: 1 = 11 byte mode, 0 = 11 word mode for TO10 transfer
DTE20 Operations
Examine/Deposit
The PDP-11 can examine and deposit in KL10 logical memory (i.e., possibly
in the cache) by using the five RAM locations:
DEXWD1, DEXWD2, DEXWD3, TENAD1 and TENAD2
For a deposit operation, the PDP-11 writes the 36 bit data word into
DEXWD1-3 and writes the deposit address into TENAD1-2. For an examine,
it writes only the address and the data appears in DEXWD1-3. None of these
registers are changed by the DTE20 and so their contents may be reused
for future examines and deposits.
The examine or deposit operation is initiated by writing into TENAD2. Therefore
this should be the last location set up by the PDP-11 before the operation.
TENAD1 also contains several bits giving more information about the operation.
Bits 15-13 indicates the address space in which the operation is to be performed.
Bit 12 indicates whether the operation is to be an examine or a deposit.
Bit 11 is set to do an unprotected examine or deposit. This bit acts in a very
strange way. There is a flip flop for this bit in addition to the memory for
it in the RAM. This flip flop is set from bit 11 on a UNIBUS DATO operation
to the TENAD1 register. So, before the operation begins, the flip flop and
the RAM agree. The protectedness of the examine or deposit is determined by
the flip flop rather than by the RAM location. After the operation completes,
however, the flip flop is cleared (set to protected), although the RAM location
is unchanged. Therefore, if another examine/deposit is attempted without first
writing into TENAD1 it will be a protected operation, independent of the state
of bit 11 in the TENAD1 RAM location. DEC's reasoning behind this is to prevent
runaway deposits from clobbering more than one location.
THE DTE20 derives its clock from the EBUS 10/11 CLK line. This is a 12.5 MHz
clock (1/2 MBOX rate) and is called 16 MHz on the CLK print. This clock is used
to produce 8 clock time states in sequence: CNT7 SP CLK (1), CNT7 STATE CLK (1),
CNT7 STATE CLK+1 (1), CNT7 STATE CLK+2 (1), CNT7 WR CLK-1 (1), CNT7 WR CLK (1),
CNT7 WR CLK+1 (1) and CNT7 SHIFT CLK (1). Each time state is on for one period
of the 10/11 clock, i.e. 80 ns. In addition, there are four clocks which are
gated versions of some of the above 8, namely: CNT4 GD ST CLK, CNT4 GD WR CLK,
CNT4 GD WR CLK+1 and CNT4 GD SHF CLK. These clocks are gated on by
-CNT4 INH CLK (1). The DTE20 has three major state flip flops: CNT4 TO11 TRANS (1),
CNT4 TO10 TRANS (1) and CNT4 DEX (1). These flip flops are set in sequence by
CNT4 GD ST CLK as long as CNT4 STATE HOLD (1) is false. CNT4 STATE HOLD (1) is
clocked every CNT7 SP CLK (1). It may be set while in one of the major states
by some condition for that state.
Writing into TENAD2 sets CNT5 DEX START (1) which causes CNT4 STATE HOLD (1) to
be set on the next SP clock when the DEX (1) major state is true. This keeps
the DTE20 in the DEX major state until CNT4 STATE HOLD (1) is cleared which will
happen when CNT5 DEX START (1) is cleared which will happen on CNT4 DEX DONE or
INT1 MST CLR. CNT4 DEX (1) being true enables the DEX minor state decoder.
It decodes the low three bits of the CNT4 STATE COUNT counter. This counter
is cleared every time a new major state is entered. So as soon as the DEX
major state is entered, the decode for zero, CNT4 DEX ADR1 is true. The counter
counts on every CNT4 GD ST CLK (except where noted below). Since major state
changes occur on the same clock, the counter will attempt to clear and count
every time there is a major state change (clear wins). Thus when we stop in
some major state, the counter will be in zero for one clock period (8 10/11 clocks)
and then count to one for one period, etc. So each decode is true for exactly
one period and comes true on the CNT4 GD ST CLK.
CNT4 DEX ADR1 forces CNT1 ADR 3,2,1,0 to be 0100 (4) which is the RAM word
address (UNIBUS byte address 10) of the TENAD1 word. Since CNT1 RAM CYCLE GO
is low, the selector on the RAM address inputs select CNT1 ADR 3,2,1,0 and the
RAM reads out the TENAD1 word. In the DEX major state, every CNT4 GD SHF CLK
will cause a CNT2 E-BUF CLK unless the operation is an examine and we are in
the minor state CNT4 DEX WD1. The E-BUF selector is set by CNT6 E-BUF SEL to
load the low 16 bits of DPS2 E-BUF from the RAM outputs. The state of the high
order bits is irrelevant. So in the CNT4 DEX ADR1 minor state the low 16 bits
of the E-BUF register are loaded from the RAM TENAD1 word. The next DEX minor
state is CNT4 DEX ADR2. In this state, the RAM address is forced to 0101 or
word address 12, the address of TENAD2. Again, the E-BUF register is set to
load the low 16 bits from the RAM and shift the original low 16 bits left by 16
places. So when the E-BUF register is clocked, it will wind up with the
complete KL10 23 bit address in the low part of the E-BUF register and address
space in bits 4-6. At the same time (CNT4 GD SHF CLK) as the E-BUF is loaded
with TENAD2, CNT4 TRANS REQ (1) is set and on the very next clock pulse
(CNT7 SP CLK (1)) CNT4 INH CLK (1) is set, inhibiting further GD type clock
pulses. CNT4 TRANS REQ (1) is driven on the EBUS PI00 line if either
DPS3 PI0 ENABLE (1) or EXTN DIAG BUS CON (always true) is asserted.
The EBOX will service the EBUS PI00 request by setting EBUS CS04-06 to 000
and EBUS F00-02 to 100 = PI SERVED and asserting EBUS DEMAND. This will
generate CNT7 PI SERVED, CNT7 PI LEVEL 0 and CNT7 SEL PI LEV.
CNT7 PI SERVED and CNT7 SEL PI LEV cause CNT6 SEND CONTROL which, together
with CNT7 PI LEVEL 0 sets CNT6 TRAN ACT (1). CNT6 SEND CONTROL is also
wired to one of EBUS D08,09,10,11 depending upon which DTE20 it is. This
causes the controller number to be sent back to the EBOX as a bit number.
The EBOX will drop EBUS DEMAND and determine the highest priority controller.
Its number will be encoded on EBUS CS00-03 and EBUS F00-02 will be changed
to 101 = PI ADDRESS IN. After a delay the EBOX will again assert EBUS DEMAND.
The DTE compares EBUS CS00-03 with its hardwired physical number and if a
match occurs it sets CNT7 PHY NO. SEL. CNT7 PI ADR IN will be set as a result
of seeing EBUS DEMAND and EBUS F00-02 = 5. CNT7 SEL PI LEVEL, CNT7 PI ADR IN
and CNT7 PHY NO. SEL together cause CNT6 E-BUS SEND OP. This signal, together
with CNT4 DEX (1) and CNT6 TRAN ACT (1) cause -CNT6 OP CODE 1 and with CNT5 DEP (1)
cause CNT6 OP CODE 2. -CNT6 OP CODE 1 causes CNT6 BUS SEL A which causes
CNT6 BUS SEL Y which causes CNT6 EMIX EN. CNT6 E-BUS SEND OP causes CNT6 BUS SEL Z
which together with -CNT6 OP CODE 1 enables DPS3 E-BUS MIX 00,01,02,06. These
bits are selected from DPS3 E-BUF 04,05,06 and CNT2 PROTECTION OFF (0) resp. and
drive EBUS D00,01,02,06. Therefore the address space from TENAD1 bits 15-13
which are in E-BUF bits 04-06 are driven on EBUS D00-02. The Q bit (EBUS D06)
is driven from CNT2 PROTECTION OFF (0). CNT6 BUS SEL Z enables EBUS D03,04,05,07
to be driven from CNT6 TRAN ACT (1), CNT6 OP CODE 1, CNT6 OP CODE 2 and GND resp.
So the function is driven on EBUS D03-05. The function is 100 for examine and
101 for deposit. CNT6 BUS SEL A enables EBUS D12-19 to be driven from
DPS2 E-BUF 12-19. CNT6 BUS SEL Y enables EBUS D23,24,25,28 to be driven from
DPS2 E-BUF 23,24,25,28 resp, and CNT6 EMIX EN enables EBUS D20-22,26,27,29-35
to be driven from their respective DPS2 E-BUF bits.
In summary:
EBUS bits from use
0-2 E-BUF 04-06 address space from TENAD1 15-13
3-5 TRAN ACT,OP 1,OP 2 function
6 PROTECTION OFF (0) Q bit
7-11 not driven
12-35 E-BUF 12-35 13-35 are the KL10 address from
TENAD1 06-00 and TENAD2 15-00
CNT6 E-BUS SEND OP asserts CNT6 TRANS (EBUS XFER) and CNT6 ACK (EBUS ACK).
The EBOX will read the EBUS data lines and drop EBUS DEMAND. When this happens
CNT6 IOP SENT (1) will be set which will cause CNT4 TRANS REQ (1) to clear
which will drop the request on EBUS PI00. EBUS DEMAND clearing will drop
CNT7 PI ADR IN which will clear CNT6 E-BUS SEND OP which will drop CNT6 TRANS
(EBUS XFER) and will also drop CNT6 OP CODE 2 if the function was a deposit.
CNT6 OP CODE 2 clearing will set a flip flop on the INT1 page which, on the
next CNT7 STATE CLK+2 will clear INT1 BUS COMP (0). This will clear the D
input to the CNT4 INH CLK (1) flip flop which will clear on the next
CNT7 SP CLK. CNT4 INH CLK (1) clearing will clear the INT1 page flip flop
and will set INT1 BUS COMP (0). The CNT4 STATE counter will begin counting
again and the next minor state will be CNT4 DEX WD1. This will happen on
CNT4 GD ST CLK. It is on CNT7 SP CLK (1) that CNT4 INH CLK (1) tries to
set and by this time CNT4 DEX ADR2 will have cleared, so CNT4 INH CLK (1)
won't set. (See later on for the continuation of the DEX minor states).
If the operation was an examine then CNT6 OP CODE 2 will not have been set
in the first place, so the gated clocks remain off.
The EBOX microcode notices the interrupt request flip flop and goes off to
some code which will perform the function specified on the EBUS. In the
case of an examine, the function was 4, namely DATAO. The microcode will
perform a COND/EBUS CTL with magic numbers field = 026. This causes
APR EBOX DISABLE CS and APR EBUS F01 E. APR EBOX DISABLE CS forces the
EBUS CS00-06 lines to zero. The EBUS F00-02 lines will be 010, the EBUS
DATAO function. The microcode will then assert EBUS DEMAND. This looks
like an ordinary DATAO except that the CS lines say zero instead of the
device address. Devices that give a PI function of DATAO or DATAI assume
that the next DATAO or DATAI will be for them independent of the CS lines.
This is possible since the PI logic will not begin a new PI cycle since
the microcode has set CON PI CYCLE and this inhibits setting PI5 LOAD and TEST.
If the operation was a deposit, then the PI function was 5, a DATAI and the
microcode will perform a COND/EBUS CTL with magic numbers field 027. This
operates the same way as DATAO except that EBUS F02 is asserted generating
function 011. Again, the microcode will assert EBUS DEMAND.
If the operation is an examine, then CNT6 IOP SENT (1) will cause CNT6 SP DATAO
to be true which will cause CNT6 E-BUF SEL to be false. This selects the
EBUS as the input to the E-BUF register. EBUS DEMAND is anded with
CNT6 SP DATAO to produce CNT6 TRANS (EBUS XFER) and CNT2 E-BUF CLK which
loads DPS2 E-BUF with EBUS data. EBUS DEMAND anded with CNT6 IOP SENT (1)
produces CNT6 ACK (EBUS ACK). The EBOX will clear EBUS DEMAND which will
clear CNT6 IOP SENT (1). This will cause another flip flop to set on the
INT1 page which will eventually cause the gated clocks to start up again
and the CNT4 state counter to resume counting (see second paragraph above
this one for description of how this happens).
If the operation is a deposit, then the CNT4 STATE counter and CNT4 DEX minor
state decoder will have started again, independent of the EBUS starting up
a DATAI cycle. One or the other of these two will occur first and they
are brought together via the CNT6 DEP STROBE (1) flip flop. The CNT4 DEX
minor states will be described first. In the case of a deposit, the CNT4 DEX
minor states will also be restarted; however, DPS2 E-BUF will have already
been loaded from the DATAO cycle performed by the EBOX in response to the
PI00 request.
The next CNT4 DEX minor state is CNT4 DEX WD1. It sets CNT1 ADR 1,0 giving
RAM address 3 (word address 6).
For examine, the RAM data inputs are selected by CNT2 DPS4 SEL 2,1 which
are set to 10 by CNT4 DEX WD1. This selects DPS4 SPM 03-00 for input to
the RAM bits 03-00. CNT1 EBH CYC is false, so the DPS4 SPM 03-00 lines are
selected from DPS2 E-BUF 00-03. CNT4 DEX WD1 will also enable CNT4 GD WR CLK
to generate CNT1 WR PLS which will clock the RAM loading E-BUF 00-03
into DPS4 DATA 03-00. This stores the high four bits of the examine data
into the low four bits of DEXWD1. CNT4 DEX WD1 for examine also inhibits
CNT2 E-BUF CLK on CNT4 GD SHF CLK so the E-BUF register is not changed
during the CNT4 DEX WD1 minor state.
For deposit, CNT6 E-BUF SEL is false, enabling DPS2 E-BUF to select the RAM
for the low 16 bits. The RAM address is set to DEXWD1 as above and
CNT2 E-BUF CLK occurs on CNT4 GD SHF CLK loading DEXWD1 into the low 16 bits
of the E-BUF.
The next CNT4 DEX minor state is CNT4 DEX WD2. It sets CNT1 ADR 1 giving
RAM address 2 (word address 4).
For examine, the RAM data inputs are selected by CNT2 DPS4 SEL 2,1 which
are set to 11 by CNT4 DEX WD2. This selects DPS2 E-BUF 04-19 for input to
the RAM bits 15-00. CNT4 DEX WD2 will also enable CNT4 GD WR CLK
to generate CNT1 WR PLS which will clock the RAM loading E-BUF 04-19
into DPS4 DATA 15-00. This stores bits 4-19 of the examine data into
DEXWD2. CNT2 E-BUF CLK happens on CNT4 GD SHF CLK and CNT6 E-BUF SEL is false
so the E-BUF register shifts bits 20-35 into bits 04-19.
For deposit, CNT6 E-BUF SEL is false, enabling DPS2 E-BUF to select the RAM for
the low 16 bits and shift E-BUF bits 20-35 into E-BUF bits 04-19. The RAM
address is set to DEXWD2 as above and CNT2 E-BUF CLK occurs on CNT4 GD SHF CLK
loading DEXWD2 into the low 16 bits of the E-BUF.
The next CNT4 DEX minor state is CNT4 DEX WD3. It sets CNT1 ADR 0 giving
RAM address 1 (word address 2).
For examine, the RAM data inputs are selected by CNT2 DPS4 SEL 2,1 which
are set to 11 by CNT4 DEX WD3. This selects DPS2 E-BUF 04-19 for input to
the RAM bits 15-00. CNT4 DEX WD3 will also enable CNT4 GD WR CLK
to generate CNT1 WR PLS which will clock the RAM loading E-BUF 04-19
into DPS4 DATA 15-00. This stores bits 20-35 of the examine data into
DEXWD3. CNT2 E-BUF CLK happens on CNT4 GD SHF CLK and CNT6 E-BUF SEL is false
so the E-BUF register shifts.
For deposit, CNT6 E-BUF SEL is false, enabling DPS2 E-BUF to select the RAM for
the low 16 bits and shift E-BUF bits 20-35 into E-BUF bits 04-19. The RAM
address is set to DEXWD3 as above and CNT2 E-BUF CLK occurs on CNT4 GD SHF CLK
loading DEXWD3 into the low 16 bits of the E-BUF. The E-BUF now contains the
data to be returned for deposit when the EBOX does a DATAI.
For a deposit the DTE must wait until the EBOX does a DATAI, or if it is
already doing a DATAI, it must send the data that is in the E-BUF register.
CNT4 DEX WD3 enables CNT6 DEP STROBE (1) to be set on the trailing edge
of CNT4 GD SHF CLK which is right after the E-BUF had the low 16 bits of
deposit data shifted in. It also asserts CNT6 DEPST which enables
CNT4 INH CLK (1) to be set on the next CNT7 SP CLK (1). This will keep
us in the CNT4 DEX WD3 minor state until CNT4 INH CLK (1) is cleared.
When the EBOX does the DATAI function, CNT3 DEMAND and CMT6 IOP SENT (1)
cause CNT6 ACK (EBUS ACK). CNT7 DATAI and CNT4 DEX (1) and CNT6 IOP SENT (1)
cause CNT6 BUS SEL X,Y,Z,A and CNT6 EMIX EN. These signals cause the E-BUF
to drive the EBUS data lines. When the E-BUF has been loaded with the deposit
data and been given a chance to settle, CNT6 DEP STROBE (1) will be set
(as described above) which is anded with EBUS DEMAND to produce CNT6 TRANS
(EBUS XFER). When the EBOX drops EBUS DEMAND, CNT6 IOP SENT (1) will be cleared
and CNT4 INH CLK (1) will be reset the same way as it was for examine (described
above).
In the case of examine, the clock is not stopped in the CNT4 DEX WD3 minor
state.
In either case the clock resumes and the DTE goes into the CNT4 DEX DONE
minor state. This clears CNT5 DEX START (1). On the next CNT7 SP CLK (1)
CNT4 STATE HOLD (1) will clear and on the next CNT4 GD ST CLK the DTE will
go to the next major state and clear the CNT4 STATE counter.
EBUS PI CYCLE
(Refer to PIC1-PIC5 prints)
The EBOX detects EBUS PI01 - PI07 E on enabled channels if the PI
system is active and always detects EBUS PI00 E (strobed into PI1 PIRn
at PI5 LOAD time). The channel number of the highest priority request
is encoded on PI2 PI4,2,1 and PI2 REQ is asserted. At PI5 TEST time
the PI system tries to grab control of the EBUS. If not successful,
PI5 TEST stays true (no PI5 LOAD occurs) until it is successful.
When it succeeds in getting the EBUS, PI5 BUS PI GRANT will be set.
This enables the TTL EBUS data bits to drive the ECL EBUS data bits;
sets the PI5 CYC START flip flop; drives EBUS CS04 - 06 E from PI2 PI4,2,1
(i.e., broadcasts the selected PI channel); enables EBUS CS00 - 03 E to be
driven from PI2 SEL PHY 8,4,2,1 (not used until later); sets EBUS F00 E to
1 causing function 4 = PI SERVED to be sent on the EBUS function lines;
disables further requests by asserting PI5 INHIBIT REQ which inhibits
further PI5 LOAD and PI5 TEST assertions PI CYC START being set causes
PI2 STATE HOLD to drop. On the next (MBOX) clock tick, PI2 TIM1
will be set and the PI timer will be set to 010101. PI2 TIM1 clears
PI5 CYC START which causes PI2 STATE HOLD to again be asserted. This
in turn holds the PI2 TIMn bits in their present state. The PI timer
will count up with each clock tick until the high order bit (100000)
goes on causing PI2 TIMER DONE. This causes PI2 STATE HOLD to drop
so that on the next clock, the PI2 TIMn state register will advance
to PI2 TIM2. Also, the timer will load with 001001. This again clears
PI2 TIMER DONE which asserts PI2 STATE HOLD which holds PI2 TIM2.
PI2 TIM2 asserts EBUS DEMAND E (we therefore waited 12 ticks = 480 ns
between asserting EBUS CS04 - 06 E and EBUS F00 - 02 E and when we
asserted EBUS DEMAND E). Those controllers interrupting on the
broadcast PI channel put a 1 on the EBUS Dnn line whose bit number
corresponds to their hardwired backpanel controller address (controller
2 asserts EBUS D02 E). No acknowledge or transfer is asserted. The
PI2 timer will count until 100000 when we will go to PI2 TIM3 and new
timer value 011100 (we will have waited 24 ticks = 960 ns). PI2 TIM3
strobes EBUS D00 - 15 E into PI2 PHY NO. 00 - 15 which are priority
encoded into PI2 SEL PHY 8,4,2,1 and driven on EBUS CS00 - 03 E.
EBUS DEMAND E drops when PI2 TIM2 does. When the timer counts out
(5 ticks = 200 ns) we go to PI2 TIM4 and new timer value 010101.
PI2 TIM4 causes EBUS F02 E to latch up, sending function 5 = PI ADDRESS IN.
The timer counts out after 12 ticks = 480 ns and we go to PI2 TIM5 and
new timer value 010001. PI2 TIM5 asserts EBUS DEMAND E but prevents
the timer from counting until PI2 TRAN REC is asserted. The selected
(by EBUS CS 00 - 03 E) controller, when it sees EBUS DEMAND E places
the function word it wants executed on the EBUS D lines and asserts
transfer (XFER). XFER is synchronized in the EBOX and becomes
PI2 TRAN REC. This re-enables the timer which count 16 ticks = 640 ns
(to deskew the EBUS D lines) and we go to PI2 TIM6 and new timer
value 010011. PI2 TIM6 keeps EBUS DEMAND E up and forces PI2 TIMER DONE
which inhibits the timer from counting and causes it to repeatedly
load with 011100. PI2 TIM6 also causes PI2 STATE HOLD to remain
asserted as long as -CON PI CYCLE B is true (note that ordinarily
PI2 STATE HOLD is asserted by -PI2 TIMER DONE which is now held false).
PI2 TIM6 causes PI2 READY which causes CON INT RQ (if not CON INT DISABLE
which can be set by the microcode) which is the condition the EBOX microcode
looks at to decide to interrupt. PI2 TIM6 also causes the EBUS D07 - 10 E
lines to be driven from PI2 SEL PHY 8,4,2,1. When the microcode sets
CON PI CYCLE, PI2 STATE HOLD drops causing PI2 TIM6 to drop and PI2 TIM7
to set; this drops EBUS DEMAND E. At the same time the timer is loaded
with 011100. After 5 ticks = 200 ns we go to PI2 COMP and load the timer
with 110001 forcing PI2 TIMER DONE which holds PI2 STATE HOLD off.
PI2 COMP drops the EBUS F02 E latch and enables PI5 EBUS PI GRANT to clear
on the next clock pulse, at which time PI2 COMP also clears.
Summary of EBUS PI Cycle
1) Device asserts EBUS PIn.
2) EBOX selects highest priority PI channel and broadcasts it on EBUS CS04-06, and
sets EBUS F00-02 to 4 = PI SERVED.
3) EBOX delays 480 ns and asserts EBUS DEMAND.
4) Device that is interrupting on the broadcast PI channel asserts EBUS Dnn where
nn is the hardwired controller number of the device. Channels are 0-7, DTEs
are 8-11 and the DIA is 15.
5) EBOX delays 960 ns and strobes the EBUS and determines the controller with the
lowest number that wants to interrupt. Its controller number is broadcast
on EBUS CS00-03 and EBUS DEMAND is dropped.
6) EBOX delays 200 ns and sets EBUS F00-02 to 5 = PI ADDRESS IN.
7) EBOX delays 480 ns and asserts EBUS DEMAND.
8) The controller whose address is being broadcast in EBUS CS00-03 places
a function word on the EBUS data lines when it sees EBUS DEMAND and it
also asserts EBUS XFER.
9) EBOX delays 640 ns and then sets the interrupt request flip flop to the
microcode. EBUS DEMAND remains asserted as well as the function, CS and
DATA lines.
DTE Miscellaneous
If the 11 sets DPS5 REQ 10 INT (1) (by writing bit 8 in the status register)
then the DTE20 attempts to do a vectored trap cycle on its assigned PI
channel. However, it does not drive the vector address on the EBUS. Instead,
the microcode determines that the DTE20 is doing a vectored interrupt
and traps to 142+8*n in the EPT where n is the DTE number (0,1,2 or 3).
CRAM and DRAM Miscellaneous
The DRAM J field is 8 bits long and "ors" into the CRAM J field at
bits 1-4 and 7-10. However, you must specify the same J 1-4,7 bits
for any given even-odd pair of DRAM locations. This is because DEC,
in order to reduce the number of RAMs on the IR board, stores alternate
DRAM locations in different 256 bit RAMs. However, for bits J 1-4 and 7
they ignore the low order DRAM address bit and have only one 256 bit RAM.
If the MBOX clock is run while MR RESET is true, then all the dispatch
enables are set true (DISP EN 00-07, 00-03, 30-37 on CRA3). Furthermore,
the dispatch fields are all set to zero (CRA DISP 00-04) and all the
CRAM register bits are cleared (including CRAM J00-10). The end result
is that the CRAM address (CR ADR 00-10) is set to DIAG ADR 00-10 which
can be set by diagnostic functions. Therefore, the DTE may force the
microaddress to be whatever it wants as long as it doesn't mind the
machine being reset first.
KL10 Clock Card
Many of the signal names on the clock card mention particular frequencies,
usually factors of 64 MHz. These are all misnomers although they are
consistent. 64 MHz is really 50 MHz, etc. CLK 64 MHZ FREE is selected
from a 50 MHz crystal, a 56 MHz crystal and an external source by
CLK SOURCE SEL 2,1. CROWBAR forces the selection of 50MHz. CLK 64 MHZ FREE
is divided down into CLK 32 MHZ FREE, CLK 16 MHZ FREE and CLK 08 MHZ FREE.
CLK 16 MHZ FREE is the clock sent to the DTEs (CLK 10/11 CLK).
CLK 2*RATE SELECTED is selected by CLK RATE SEL 2,1 to be either
CLK 64,32,16 or 08 MHZ FREE. This is divided by two to generate
CLK SELECTED. This signal drives all of the flip flops that are used
for loading clock rate and source selection and diagnostic functions.
This clock never stops and ordinarily is a "32" MHz clock (really 25 MHz).
CLK GATED is also divided down from CLK 2*RATE SELECTED but in a different
way than CLK SELECTED. CLK GATED will always fall whenever CLK SELECTED
does, but will not always set when CLK SELECTED does. CLK GATED will set
only when enabled by a selector which is used to control single stepping,
bursting and running of the MBOX clock. Also, CLK GATED will only
attempt to set if CLK SELECTED is about to set (i.e., is currently cleared).
CLK GO enables CLK GATED to set each cycle (i.e., normal running).
CLK SS allows CLK GATED to set as long as CLK SS is true. CLK GATED
is delayed and, as long as CLK ERROR STOP is false produces CLK ODD A,B,C
and CLK MBOX A,B,C.
When the DTE does a DIAG CONTROL FUNC 00X or DIAG LOAD FUNC 04X, these
signals are synchronized by CLK SELECTED and produce CLK FUNC GATE which
is true for one period of CLK SELECTED. CLK FUNC GATE enables a decoder
which produces CLK FUNC START, CLK FUNC SINGLE STEP, CLK FUNC EBOX SS,
CLK FUNC COND SS, CLK FUNC BURST, CLK FUNC CLR RESET and CLK FUNC SET RESET
(these are DIAG CONTROL FUNC 001-007). It also enables a decoder which
produces CLK FUNC 042-047 (obviously DIAG LOAD FUNC 042-047). CROWBAR
also produces CLK FUNC 044-047. CLK FUNC START is loaded into CLK GO
on the next CLK SELECTED pulse. Similarly, CLK FUNC BURST and
CLK FUNC EBOX SS are loaded into CLK BURST and CLK EBOX SS respectively.
All three of these bits are cleared by CROWBAR when CLK SELECTED happens.
CLK FUNC SINGLE STEP is loaded into CLK SS on the next CLK SELECTED causing
one CLK GATED cycle coincident with the next CLK SELECTED which also happens
to shift a zero into CLK SS. CLK FUNC SET RESET and CROWBAR set the CLK RESET
flip flop which causes MR RESET 01-06 to be driven throughout the entire
machine. Typically this signal enables the resetting of the machine only
when the clock is running. CLK FUNC CLR RESET clears CLK RESET.
CLK FUNC 42 and 43 force the loading of the CLK BURST counter from the
EBUS on the next CLK SELECTED pulse. When CLK BURST is set (on the
CLK SELECTED pulse after a CLK FUNC BURST) CLK GATED is enabled and will
clock as long as the CLK BURST counter is non-zero. Each CLK SELECTED
counts the CLK BURST counter down by one (while CLK BURST is true).
CLK FUNC 44-46 load the CLK RATE and SOURCE SEL bits and various other
checking and disable bits from the EBUS.
CLK MBOX CLK is a slightly delayed version of CLK CLK which is a delayed
version of CLK MBOX C. In order to understand how the EBOX clock is generated
we must first look at the loop involving CLK SYNC, CLK SYNC EN and
CLK EBOX CLK EN. Assume that we have -CON MBOX WAIT, that is, the EBOX
is not waiting for the MBOX. This being the case, CLK EBOX CLK EN is then
the same logical signal as CLK SYNC which is loaded from CLK SYNC EN on every
CLK MBOX CLK. Note that CLK EBOX CLK EN being true forces CLK SYNC EN false.
So once CLK SYNC sets, it will clear on the next CLK MBOX CLK. Now assume
CLK SYNC is false and consequently CLK EBOX CLK EN is false. Then each
of the gates being ored into CLK SYNC EN is enabled. If the time field
of the current microinstruction is 00, then we will have CLK SYNC EN and
CLK SYNC will set on the next CLK MBOX CLK. This would give us two MBOX
clock ticks per CLK SYNC tick. If the time field is not 00 then we must
look at the signals CLK 31 NS, CLK 62 NS and CLK 93 NS. (Again, note that
these signals are nisnamed, they represent periods of 40, 80 and 120 NS
respectively). When CLK SYNC is true (CLK EBOX CLK EN also) CLK 31,62,93 NS
are cleared by CLK MBOX CLK (which will also clear CLK SYNC and hence
CLK EBOX CLK EN). If the time field is not zero, then CLK SYNC EN will not
be set and CLK SYNC will not set on the next CLK MBOX CLK. Instead, CLK 31 NS
will have a one shifted into it. This enables CLK SYEN EN if the time field is
01. On the next CLK MBOX CLK, CLK SYNC will set. In this case CLK SYNC was
on for one MBOX clock period and off for two. If the time field is 10, then
nothing will happen when CLK 31 NS goes true. On the next CLK MBOX CLK, a one
will be shifted into CLK 62 NS and this will enable CLK SYNC EN. This will
give a CLK SYNC that is on for one and off for three MBOX clock periods.
Finally, if the time field is 11, CLK SYNC EN won't set until CLK 93 NS
has a one shifted into it. Assuming -CON DELAY REQ is true, this will
give a CLK SYNC that is on for one and off for four MBOX clock periods.
If CON DELAY REQ is true, then the time field had better be three or nothing
special will happen. If it is three, then CLK SYNC EN will not go true when
CLK 93 NS does. Instead, a four bit counter will count on every CLK MBOX CLK
pulse until it reaches 17 (after 16*40 = 640 NS) at which time CLK SYNC EN will
set. The actual EBOX clocks are delayed by clocking a flip flop with CLK ODD.
The D inputs come from CLK SYNC as long as they are not disabled by the bits
loaded by CLK FUNC 045 or by error conditions.
CLK EBOX CLK is unconditionally delayed from CLK EBOX CLK EN by a flip
flop clocked with CLK MBOX CLK. If a DIAG CONTROL FUNC 00X or
DIAG LOAD FUNC 04X is given, the register containing the CLK GO, BURST and
EBOX SS bits is clocked. Unless the function specifically sets one of these
bits, they will all wind up cleared and therefore, the clocks will be stopped.
(If the function does set one of the bits, the others will be cleared.)
It is possible, therefore to stop the MBOX clock with the EBOX clocks in
the high state. If the CLK FUNC COND SS is given and CLK EBOX CLK is true,
one more MBOX clock will be generated, which will clear the EBOX clocks.
PC Flags
PCU
In exec mode, bit 6 of the PC flags is interpreted as PCU (Previous Context User).
It is this bit that causes PXCT to attempt to reference the target address in user
mode. In user mode the bit is IOT USER. It can be set in any of the following
ways:
1) By a PC storing interrupt instruction if interrupting out of user mode
2) By a flag loading instruction (JRSTF, MUUO, etc) if specified by the
data (i.e. bit 6 of the word the flags are loading from) and if the
machine is either not in user mode or is leaving user mode
It can be cleared in two ways:
1) by attempting to load it with zero (no restrictions)
2) a condition that would leave user mode will clear PCU if some other
condition doesn't try to set it at the same time. For example,
interrupting out of exec mode will clear PCU.
Therefore, PCU will be set automatically by interrupting out of user mode
(if the instruction in the interrupt location is a PC storing instruction)
and upon MUUO execution if the UPT location specifying the new PC has bit
6 on.
PUBLIC
The PUBLIC bit is bit 7 of the PC word and divides user mode and exec mode
into two submodes. In exec mode, PUBLIC off is KERNEL mode, PUBLIC on is
SUPERVISOR mode. In user mode, PUBLIC off is CONCEALED mode, PUBLIC on is
PUBLIC mode. Restrictions on which instructions are legal are determined
by exactly which of these four modes the machine is in. Switching between
the various modes is controlled by the PUBLIC and USER mode PC bits and
by the page table PUBLIC bit. These bits may sometimes be set and cleared
by a JRST 2, and can always be set and cleared by an MUUO new PC word.
In KERNEL mode everything is legal, there are no restrictions. However, if
an instruction is fetched out of a PUBLIC page (one whose page table PUBLIC
bit is set), the PUBLIC bit is set in the PC flags and the machine enters
SUPERVISOR mode. SUPERVISOR mode may be left in two ways. First, by
entering USER mode with a JRST 2, (or MUUO for that matter). In this case
the PUBLIC bit is loaded without restriction from the new PC word. Second,
by entering KERNEL mode by transferring to a PORTAL instruction (a JRST 1,)
in a private page (one whose page table PUBLIC bit is off). An analogous
situation occurs in USER mode. A program running in CONCEALED mode that
fetches an instruction from a PUBLIC page will enter PUBLIC mode; a PUBLIC
mode program may enter CONCEALED mode by transferring to a PORTAL instruction
in a private page.
SUPERVISOR mode is not exactly analogous to USER mode in that SUPERVISOR mode
may read from a private page but not write, whereas USER mode may not read
or write a private page. Finally, both SUPERVISOR and USER modes may not
transfer control to a private page except at a PORTAL (JRST 1,) instruction.
PCP
The PCP flag is loaded by a JRST 2, or trap new pc word from bit 0.
In exec mode, it acts as if it were bit 0 of the PC word and is stored by
any PC storing instruction. However, JFCL will still test the AROV bit
which is PC word bit 0 in user mode. When a PXCT instruction occurs, the
target instruction will be executed in PUBLIC mode if PCP is set. Note
that PCP is not effected by interrupting, so that a user mode program
may set PCP with a JRST 2,. When the machine enters exec mode for an
interrupt, PCP will still be set, and it is the responsibility of the
system code to make sure PCP has the right value before the first PXCT
is done.
EBOX FLAG CONTROL
SPEC/FLAG CTL enables the magic numbers field to be interpreted as flag
control information. The bits have the following effects:
# bit effect
0 -LEAVE USER (SCD5)
1 JFCL (SCD5)
2 DISMISS/CLR PI CYCLE (CON5)
3 HALT (CON2)
4 LOAD FLAGS (SCD5)
5 PORTAL (SCD5)
6 unused
7 -LEAVE USER if in KERNEL mode (SCD5)
8 unused
PAGING
Software/Microcode
BBN paging is simulated as follows:
AC block 6 AC 6 has the exec page table page number
AC block 6 AC 7 has the user page table page number
The sign bit being on in either AC inhibits any memory references for
that mode. Pages are all forced to be private, the software bit is always
off and the cache bit is loaded from bit 5 of the page table. The access
bit (bit 12) is ignored and the read bit (bit 2) is used in its place.
The page table type bits (bits 0 and 1) are ignored and all page table
entries are assumed to be private page type. There is no CST or PSB or
address limit register (ALR). All of the exec is mapped by the exec page
table and all of the user is mapped by the user page table. Since the
CST doesn't exist, the modification bit doesn't either. Therefore, the
W bit is loaded directly into the hardware page table RAM if it is on
in the in-core page table.
Hardware
On a page fault, the EBUS REG is loaded with the following information
(see prints MBZ2, MBC1):
EBUS REG bits
00 MCL VMA USER
01-05 PF HOLD 01-05 IN
06 PT PUBLIC
07 PT CACHE
08 PAGED REF
09-13 unused
14-26 PMA 14-26
27-33 CACHE ADR 27-33
34-35 PMA 34-35
A page fault is caused by one of the following.
(A=PT ACCESS, W=PT WRITABLE, S=PT SOFTWARE, T=MCL VMA WRITE):
PAGE FAULT TYPE PF HOLD 01-05 IN EBOX HANDLE
NO PT DIR MATCH 21 Yes
NO PT ACCESS (0A)(WST) Yes
ILLEGAL WRITE (0A)(WST) Yes
PROPRIETARY VIOLATION 21 No
ILLEGAL ENTRY 21 No
ADDRESS BREAK 23 No
PT PARITY ERROR 25 No
PAGE REFILL ERROR 2(01T) No
Other values may appear in the PF HOLD 01-05 IN field if several of the page
faults happen simultaneously. The real poop is as follows:
1) The PT ACCESS bit is never true if PT MATCH is false.
2) PF HOLD 01 IN is true for NO PT DIR MATCH, ILLEGAL ENTRY, PT PARITY ERROR,
PAGE REFILL ERROR and PROPRIETARY VIOLATION.
3) PF HOLD 02 IN is true if PF HOLD 01 IN is false and PT ACCESS is true.
4) PF HOLD 03 and 04 IN are determined as follows: if PF HOLD 01 IN is false
then they are the W and S bits; if PF HOLD 01 IN is true then PF HOLD 03 IN
is PT PARITY ERROR and PF HOLD 04 IN is either ADDRESS BREAK or PAGE REFILL
ERROR.
5) If PF HOLD 01 IN is off, then PF HOLD 05 IN is true when not PAGE REFILL ERROR
and the T bit are true. If PF HOLD 01 IN is on, then PF HOLD 05 IN is true
when not PAGE REFILL ERROR is true.
The VMA HELD register is loaded on each memory cycle (and as a result of the MAP
special function) and is used to remember what the last cycle was trying to do.
The bits are as follows:
Bit Value
00 this is actually the current PC bit 0
01 MCL LOAD AR
02 MCL LOAD ARX
03 MCL VMA PAUSE
04 MCL VMA WRITE
05 MCL VMA USER
06 MCL VMA PUBLIC
07 MCL VMA PREVIOUS
08 MCL VMA EXTENDED
09 MCL VMA FETCH
10 MCL EBOX MAP
11 -MCL EBOX CACHE
12 -MCL EBOX MAY BE PAGED
13-35 VMA 13-35 at time of mem cycle
CON Miscellaneous
UCODE STATE
There are 4 microcode state bits, CON UCODE STATE 01,03,05,07.
These bits can be changed only by a COND/EBOX STATE decode.
The value set into the UCODE STATE register depends upon the
magic numbers field and the previous value in the register.
Magic Numbers bit Function
00 unused
01 set UCODE STATE 01
02 hold UCODE STATE 01
03 set UCODE STATE 03
04 hold UCODE STATE 03
05 set UCODE STATE 05
06 hold UCODE STATE 05
07 set UCODE STATE 07
08 hold UCODE STATE 07
These bits may be set in any combination. If a UCODE STATE bit is
neither held nor set, it will clear.
UCODE STATE 07 is spare and is terminated as CRM T24 16. UCODE STATE 05
does not leave the CON board and is the bit that enables the "TRACKS"
feature. It goes to the NICOND dispatch on the CON2 page. UCODE STATE
01 and 02 both go to the MTR board. UCODE STATE 01 is used as an enable
on the performance analysis counter. One of the "AND" terms is
CON UCODE STATE 01 ∨ MTR UCODE PA DONT CARE. This latter term is set
by a BLKO TIM. CON UCODE STATE 03 is used to inhibit the MBOX counter.